abnormal uterine bleeding Flashcards
what is menorrhagia ?
heavy or prolonged menstrual flow
what is metrorrhagia ?
irregular bleeding between periods
what is polymenorrhea ?
periods occurring too frequently
what is polymenorrhagia ?
periods that are too frequent and heavy
what is oligomenorrhea ?
periods occur too infrequently
what is the most common complaint associated with AUB ?
heavy menstrual bleeding
what is post coital bleeding ?
bleeding that occurs after intercourse
what is intermenstrual bleeding ?
irregular bleeding arising from the genital tract not related to menstruation
what is post-menopausal bleeding ?
genital tract bleeding occurring more than 12 months after the last menstrual period
what are the different causes of post-coital bleeding ?
cervical dysplasia polyps ectropion genital tract infection vaginal atrophy
what are the causes of postmenopausal bleeding ?
vaginal/endometrial atrophy genital malignancies HRT functioning ovarian tumors genital ulcers
what is dysfunctional uterine bleeding ?
excessive uterine bleeding which is not due to demonstrable pelvic disease, complication of pregnancy or a systemic disease
what is the main cause of dysfunctional uterine bleeding in adolescents ?
usually a hypothalamic pituitary origin
what is the main cause of dysfunctional uterine bleeding in perimenopausal women ?
related to unstable and reducing ovarian function
what are the non-uterine causes of genital tract bleeding ?
atrophic vaginitis vulvual causes vaginal lesions trauma foreign body
what is the normal cycle length in 15-19 year olds ?
28.8 days
what is the average cycle length for women aged 35-44 years ?
27.5 days
at what levels of blood loss do signs of anemia begin to appear ?
once at 60 ml
once at 120 ml
what is the most commonly used quantity of HMB ?
blood loss above 80 ml
what lab investigations should be considered when it comes to HMB ?
full blood count
coagulation profile
what lab tests should not be done routinely ?
serum ferritin test
female hormone testing
what type of special investigation is used for the diagnosis of endometrial polyps and submucous myomata ?
saline infusion sonography
when should hysteroscopy be used ?
when ultrasound results are inconclusive
what is the treatment for HMB , in order :
- levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system
- tranexamic acid , NSAIDs or OCP
- norethisterone , or injected long-acting progesterone
which surgical procedures maintain fertility ?
uterine artery embolization
myomectomy
what is expected after hysteroscopic removal of a fibroid ?
most women experience bleeding
discharge
passing of debris for up to 2 weeks after the procedure
