abnormal uterine bleeding

Question 1

what is menorrhagia ?

Answer 1

heavy or prolonged menstrual flow

Question 2

what is metrorrhagia ?

Answer 2

irregular bleeding between periods

Question 3

what is polymenorrhea ?

Answer 3

periods occurring too frequently

Question 4

what is polymenorrhagia ?

Answer 4

periods that are too frequent and heavy

Question 5

what is oligomenorrhea ?

Answer 5

periods occur too infrequently

Question 6

what is the most common complaint associated with AUB ?

Answer 6

heavy menstrual bleeding

Question 7

what is post coital bleeding ?

Answer 7

bleeding that occurs after intercourse

Question 8

what is intermenstrual bleeding ?

Answer 8

irregular bleeding arising from the genital tract not related to menstruation

Question 9

what is post-menopausal bleeding ?

Answer 9

genital tract bleeding occurring more than 12 months after the last menstrual period

Question 10

what are the different causes of post-coital bleeding ?

Answer 10

cervical dysplasia 
polyps 
ectropion 
genital tract infection 
vaginal atrophy

Question 11

what are the causes of postmenopausal bleeding ?

Answer 11

vaginal/endometrial atrophy 
genital malignancies 
HRT 
functioning ovarian tumors 
genital ulcers

Question 12

what is dysfunctional uterine bleeding ?

Answer 12

excessive uterine bleeding which is not due to demonstrable pelvic disease, complication of pregnancy or a systemic disease

Question 13

what is the main cause of dysfunctional uterine bleeding in adolescents ?

Answer 13

usually a hypothalamic pituitary origin

Question 14

what is the main cause of dysfunctional uterine bleeding in perimenopausal women ?

Answer 14

related to unstable and reducing ovarian function

Question 15

what are the non-uterine causes of genital tract bleeding ?

Answer 15

atrophic vaginitis 
vulvual causes 
vaginal lesions 
trauma 
foreign body

Question 16

what is the normal cycle length in 15-19 year olds ?

Answer 16

28.8 days

Question 17

what is the average cycle length for women aged 35-44 years ?

Answer 17

27.5 days

Question 18

at what levels of blood loss do signs of anemia begin to appear ?

Answer 18

once at 60 ml

once at 120 ml

Question 19

what is the most commonly used quantity of HMB ?

Answer 19

blood loss above 80 ml

Question 20

what lab investigations should be considered when it comes to HMB ?

Answer 20

full blood count

coagulation profile

Question 21

what lab tests should not be done routinely ?

Answer 21

serum ferritin test

female hormone testing

Question 22

what type of special investigation is used for the diagnosis of endometrial polyps and submucous myomata ?

Answer 22

saline infusion sonography

Question 23

when should hysteroscopy be used ?

Answer 23

when ultrasound results are inconclusive

Question 24

what is the treatment for HMB , in order :

Answer 24

1. levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system
2. tranexamic acid , NSAIDs or OCP
3. norethisterone , or injected long-acting progesterone

Question 25

which surgical procedures maintain fertility ?

Answer 25

uterine artery embolization

myomectomy

Question 26

what is expected after hysteroscopic removal of a fibroid ?

Answer 26

most women experience bleeding
discharge
passing of debris for up to 2 weeks after the procedure