infertility work up Flashcards
if a couple that has been trying to conceive for less than 12 months what is the most appropriate management ?
do nothing , advise female to take folic acid, check rubella status, occupational advise, weight and smoking
if there is found to be an abnormal semen analysis , how should this be confirmed ?
by repeating the test after 3 months
if the semen analysis showed azoospermia or severe abnormality how should this be confirmed ?
must be repeated as soon as possible
how can ovarian reserve be tested ?
- by total antral follicle count
- anti-mullerian hormone levels
- FSH levels
which of the tests used test the ovarian reserve can be used at any time during the menstrual cycle ?
antral follicular count
what is the gold standard for the assessment of uterine and endometrial factors ?
hysteroscopy
what are mullerian anomalies ?
structural anomalies caused by errors in müllerian-duct development during embryonic morphogenesis
what are the different types of mullerian anomalies ?
septate, arcuate, didelphys, unicornuate, bicornuate
what can hysterosalpingography be used to diagnose?
mullerian anomalies
endometrial pathologies
diagnosis of tubal obstruction
diagnosis of peritubal and peritoneal adhesions
If there are filling defects detected upon usage of HSG what could be the cause?
- synchae/ Asherman
2. Polyps/ polypoidal endometrium
how can subseptate uterus be differentiated from a bicornuate uterus ?
hysteroscopy
what are the different disorders that can be diagnosed using ultrasonography ?
hydrosalpinx
pyosalpinx
tubo-ovarian plexus
pelvic endometriosis
how is laparoscopy used in assessment ?
used to allow for direct visualization of the peritoneum , pelvic organs and the external surface of the fallopian tubes
methylene blue is injected and the spillage is observed to ensure patency of the tubes along with proper cilia function
