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Histology and Embryology > Male Genital System > Flashcards

Male Genital System Flashcards

1
Q

Testes

A
  • produce spermatozoa and hormones
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2
Q

Epididymis

A
  • transport and maturation of spermatozoa
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3
Q

Ductus Deferens

A

transport of spermatozoa

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4
Q

Accessory Sex Glands

A
  • produce seminal plasma
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5
Q

Accessory Sex Glands

A
  1. Ampulla of Ductus Deferens
  2. Vesicular Gland/Seminal Vesicle
  3. Prostate Gland
  4. Bulbourethral Gland
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6
Q

Tunica Albuginea

A
  • capsule that encloses the testis
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7
Q

Visceral Layer of the Tunica Vaginalis

A
  • capsule of the testis (tunica albuginea) is covered by this
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8
Q

Interior surface of the tunica albuginea

A
  • has a vascular layer
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9
Q

Septuli Testis

A
  • the CT trabeculae
  • extends from the tunica albuginea
  • divides the testicular parenchyma into a varying number of testicular lobules
  • continuous with the mediastinum testis
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10
Q

Mediastinum Testis

A
  • a CT area containing the rete testis and blood vessels
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11
Q

Mediastinum Testis in ruminants, pigs and dogs

A
  • well developed mediastinum testis
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12
Q

Mediastinum Testis in horses

A
  • poorly developed mediastinum testis
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13
Q

Seminiferous Tubules Consists of:

A
  1. A convoluted portion
    - tubuli contorti
  2. A straight portion
    - tubuli recti
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14
Q

Seminiferous Tubules three components

A
  1. Lamina Propria and Basal Lamina
  2. Sustenacular Cells (Sertoli)
  3. Spermatogenic Cells
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15
Q

Lamina Propria

A
  • peritubular cells (Myoid) and fibroblast
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16
Q

Lamina Propria

A
  • surrounds the seminiferous tubules

- the innermost layer is basal lamina of collagen and elastic fibers which is surrounded by flat peritubular cells

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17
Q

Peritubular

A
  • responsible for tubular contraction
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18
Q

Sustenacular Cells (sertoli)

A
  • elongated pyramidal cells
  • poorly defined outline of cells
  • blood-testis barrier
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19
Q

Blood testis barrier

A
  • adjacent sustentacular cells are joined by tight junctions
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20
Q

Functions of Sertoli Cells

A
  1. Nutritive, protective and supportive functions for the spermatogenic cells
  2. Phagocytosis of:
    - degenerating spermatogenic cells
    - detached residual body of spermatids
  3. Production of Mullerian Inhibitory Hormone
  4. Secretion of intratubular fluid which is used for sperm transport
  5. Formation of blood-testis barrier
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21
Q

Spermatogenic Cells

A
  • located between and above the sustentacular cells
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22
Q

Spermatogonia

A
  • situated next to the basal lamina

- relatively small spermatogenic cell

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23
Q

Primary Spermatocytes

A
  • largest spermatogenic cells

- characterized by obvious condensed chromosomes

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24
Q

Secondary spermatocytes

A
  • short lived

- difficult to observe

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25
Q

Spermatid

A
  • small spermatogenic cells

- located towards the lumen of the seminiferous tubules

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26
Q

Spermatozoa

A
  • formed from the spermatids that undergo spermiogenesis
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27
Q

Interstitial (Leydig) cells

A
  • becomes apparent during puberty
28
Q

Interstitial (Leydig) cells

A
  • characteristic of steroid secreting cells and produce testosterone
  • responsible for the development of the secondary male sex characteristics
29
Q

Straight tubules (tubuli recti)

A
  • connect the convoluted tubules to the rete testis

- simple squamous to simple columnar

30
Q

Rete Testis

A
  • simple squamous to simple columnar

- produces the testicular fluid

31
Q

Ductuli efferentes

A
  • connects the rete testis to the ductus epididymis

- simple columnar ciliated and nonciliated cells

32
Q

Ductuli efferentes simple columnar Ciliated cells

A
  • help to move the spermatozoa
33
Q

Ductuli efferentes simple columnar NonCiliated cells

A
  • absorb the tubular fluid
34
Q

Route of Sperm: intratesticular genital ducts

A
  1. Tubuli contorti
    - convoluted portion of seminiferous tubules
  2. Tubuli recti
    - straight portion of seminiferous tubules
  3. Rete testis
  4. Efferent ducts
  5. Ductus epididymis
  6. Ductus deferens
  7. Pelvic urethra
  8. penile urethra
35
Q

Epididymis

A
  • surrounded by tunica albuginea
  • divided into head, body and tail
  • has a long, coiled ductus epididymis
36
Q

Epididymis Epithelium

A
  • Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

covered by stereocilia

37
Q

Two Types of cells in epithelium of the Epididymis

A
  1. Columnar cells
    - surface is covered by long, branched, microvilli (stereocilia)
  2. Small Basal cells
38
Q

Functions of the Epididymis

A
  • maturation (head and body) and storage (tail) of the spermatozoa
39
Q

Ductus Deferens Epithelium

A
  • pseudostratified columnar epithelium
40
Q

Ductus Deferens Mucosa

A
  • mucosa is folded
41
Q

Ductus Deferens Tunica Muscularis

A
  • 3 layers
    1. Intermingled circular layer
    2. Longitudinal Layer
    3. Oblique Layers
42
Q

Terminal part of the Ductus Deferens

A
  • is ampullated

- > except in cats and pigs

43
Q

Cats and Pigs

A
  • Ampulla of the Ductus Deferens is absent
44
Q

Carnivores (dog and cat)

A
  • vesicular gland is absent
45
Q

Small Ruminants (sheep/goat)

A
  • Body, or Compact Portion of the Prostate Gland is absent
46
Q

Dogs

A
  • Bulbourethral Gland (paired) is absent
47
Q

Horses

A
  • Pars Disseminata of the Prostate Gland is absent
48
Q

Bovine

A
  • has all accessory glands
    1. Ampulla Gland
    2. Vesicular Gland
    3. Prostate Gland: Body
    4. Prostate Gland: Pars Disseminata
    5. Bulbourethral Gland
49
Q

Ampulla

A
  • terminal part of the ductus deferens
  • glands are lined by simple columnar epithelium with secretory activity
  • absent in cats and pigs
50
Q

Vesicular Gland

A
  • Compund tubuloalveolar gland
  • Glandular part has Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
  • Intralobular and main secretory ducts have simple cuboidal epithelium
51
Q

Prostate Gland

A
  • compound tubuloalveolar gland with 2 parts
    1. Compact Part, or Body
    2. Disseminate part
52
Q

Compact Part, or Body of the Prostate Gland

A
  • surrounds the pelvic urethra
53
Q

Disseminate part of the Prostate Gland

A
  • located in the propriasubmucosa of the pelvic urethra
54
Q

Prostate Gland

A
  • concentrically laminated concretions of secretory material are found in the tubules and alveoli
55
Q

Bulbourethral Gland Secretory Portion

A
  • has simple tall columnar epithelium and show a mucin reaction
56
Q

Bulbourethral Gland collecting ducts

A
  • lined by simple cuboidal epithelial cells with dark cytoplasm
57
Q

Urethra Components

A
  1. Pelvic Urethra

2. Penile Urethra

58
Q

Urethra Propria submucosa

A
  • consists of erectile tissue

- composed of endothelium-lined caverns of various sizes, called vascular stratum in pelvic urethra

59
Q

Vascular stratum

A
  • endothelium-lined caverns of various sizes in the pelvic urethra
60
Q

Corpus Spongiosum

A
  • the cavernous spaces are greatly increased in the penile urethra and called this
61
Q

Urethra Tunica Muscularis Bladder

A
  • smooth muscle around this
62
Q

Urethra Tunica Muscularis Urethra

A
  • striated muscle around this
63
Q

Penis

A
  1. Corpora cavernosa penis
  2. Corpora Spongiosum Penis
  3. Glans Penis
64
Q

Corpora cavernosa penis

A
  • surrounded by the tunica albuginea

- divided by a median septum

65
Q

Corpora Spongiosum Penis

A
  • surrounds the penile urethra

- also composed of erectile tissue

66
Q

Glans Penis

A
  • Stratified squamous epithelium
  • contains an abundant amount of erectile tissue
  • has numerous nerve endings
67
Q

Glans Penis in horses and dogs

A
  • glans penis is well developed

Histology and Embryology (17 decks)

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