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Histology and Embryology > Female Genital System > Flashcards

Female Genital System Flashcards

1
Q

Ovary

A
  • produces the ova and ovarian hormones
    1. Estrogen
    2. Progesterone
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2
Q

Ovary epithelium

A
  • covered by a low cuboidal surface epithelium
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3
Q

Ovary Tunica Albuginea

A
  • lies immediately below the surface epithelium
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4
Q

Ovary

A
  • divided into the outer cortex and inner medulla

- > except in MARES

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5
Q

Mares

A
  • their ovary is the exception and the areas are reversed

- > outer medulla and inner cortex

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6
Q

Ovary Outer Cortex

A
  • contains numerous follicles and a corpora lutea
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7
Q

Ovary Inner Medulla

A
  • characterized by blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics
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8
Q

Uterine Tube

A
  • site of fertilization
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9
Q

Uterus

A
  • site of implantation
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10
Q

Primordial Follicles

A
  • composed of a primary oocyte surrounded by a simple squamous epithelium of follicular cells
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11
Q

Primary Follicles

A
  • composed of a primary oocyte surrounded by a simple cuboidal epithelium of follicular cells
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12
Q

Secondary Follicles

A
  • composed of a primary oocyte surrounded by a stratified epithelium termed granulosa cells which secrete zona pellucida
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13
Q

Granulosa Cells

A
  • secrete the zona pellucida around the plasma membrane of primary oocytes
  • stratified epithelium of polyhedral follicular cells
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14
Q

Theca Cells

A
  • late secondary follicles
  • begin to form around the granulosa cells
  • a vascularized multilayer of spindle-shaped stromal cells
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15
Q

Tertiary, Mature or Graafian Follicles

A
  • characterized by the development of the antrum
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16
Q

Antrum

A
  • small fluid-filled clefts which join to form a large cavity among the granulosa cells
  • contains liquor folliculi
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17
Q

Primary Oocyte

A
  • immediately before or just after ovulation this completes the first meiotic division to give rise to a secondary oocyte and the first polar bodies
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18
Q

Cumulus oophorus

A
  • antrum enlarges due to the accumulation of liquor folliculi, the oocyte is displaced and lies in a group of granulosa cells called this
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19
Q

Corona radiata

A
  • the granulosa cells immediately surrounding the oocyte become radially
    placed and are called this
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20
Q

Theca Interna

A
  • have characteristic of steroid-secreting cells
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21
Q

Theca Externa

A
  • consists of a thin layer of loose connective tissue with fibrocytes arranged concentrically
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22
Q

Ovulation

A
  • rupture of the follicle and release of the oocyte

-

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23
Q

Ovulation

A
  • caused by luteinizing hormone (LH) and increased pressure of the antral fluid
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24
Q

Follicular Atresia (degeneration)

A
  • not all developing follicles terminate in ovulation

- many follicles undergo this

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25
Q

Corpus Atreticum

A
  • atretic follicles are reabsorbed except for small fibrous tissue scar called this
  • regressed without being ovulated
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26
Q

Ovaries of the Bitch and Queen

A
  • there are interstitial endocrine cells
  • arise from either:
  • > epitheloid theca interna cells
  • > hypertrophied granulosa cells of the atretic follicles
  • contain lipid droplets
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27
Q

Corpus Hemorrhagicum

A
  • the ruptured follicle after ovulation because of the blood in the antrum
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28
Q

Luteinization

A
  • granulosa cells proliferate and transform into large luteal cells
  • theca cells contribute to small luteal cells of the CL
29
Q

Granulosa Cells

A
  • large luteal cells

- steroid synthesizing cells

30
Q

Theca Interna Cells

A
  • small luteal cells

- more lipid and less steroid-synthesizing

31
Q

Large and Small Luteal Cells

A
  • both produce progesterone
32
Q

Cows, mares and carnivores

A
  • the yellow lipid pigment called lutein accumulates in the luteal cells
33
Q

Ewe, Goats and Sows

A
  • the yellow lipid pigment called lutein is absent
34
Q

Corpus albicans

A
  • If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum slowly degenerates and is replaced by connective tissue called this
  • regressed CL of the estrous cycte
35
Q

Mares

A
  • Accessory corpus luteum is present

- > some primary/secondary follicle convert into additional CL for increased demand of progesterone

36
Q

Order of Corpus Luteum

A
  1. Corpus Hemorrhagicum
  2. Corpus Luteum
  3. Corpus Albicans
  4. Corpus Atreticum
  5. Accessory Corpus Luteum
37
Q

Corpus Luteum

A
  • if fertilization does occur (pregnancy), this persists and is active for a variable amount of time
38
Q

Rete ovarii

A
  • embryonic remnants homologous to the rete testis

- prominent in carnivores and ruminants

39
Q

Carnivores and ruminants

A
  • rete ovarii is more prominent
40
Q

Uterine Tube/Oviduct/Fallopian Tube

A
  1. Infundibulum
  2. Ampulla
  3. Isthmus
41
Q

Infundibulum epithelium

A
  • Pseudostratified Columnar epithelium

- > found only in this part of the oviduct

42
Q

Ampulla and isthmus epithelium

A
  • simple columnar epithelium
43
Q

Uterus Components

A
  1. Bilateral Horns
  2. An unpaired body
  3. An unpaired neck, or cervix
44
Q

Uterus Wall

A
  1. Endometrium
  2. Myometrium
  3. Perimetrium
45
Q

Endometrium of the Uterine wall (uterus)

A
  • mucosa-submucosa

- lined by simple columnar epithelium

46
Q

Most species in the endometrium

A
  • simple, or branched coiled tubular glands

- > except ruminants (caruncles)

47
Q

Ruminants

A
  • have caruncles which are nonglandular in the endometrium
48
Q

Caruncles

A
  • are nonglandular, circumscribed thickenings of the endometrium
  • ruminants
49
Q

Endometrium of the uterus wall in the Mare

A
  • endometrial cups are present in early pregnancy due to densely packed uterine glands
50
Q

Myometrium

A
  • muscularis of the uterus wall
  • consists of a thick circular inner layer and an outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscles
  • a stratum vasculare occurs between the two layers of smooth muscles
51
Q

Perimetrium

A
  • serosa of the uterus wall
52
Q

Cervix Epithelium

A
  • simple columnar epithelium
53
Q

Cervix

A
  • highly folded mucosa-submucosa
  • during pregnancy, the mucus thickens to form the cervical seal
  • elastic fibers are predominent in the inner circular layer which are important in reestablishing cervical structure after parturition
54
Q

Cervix

A
  • mucigenous and goblet cells secrete mucus during estrus
55
Q

Vagina Epithelium

A
  • stratified squamous epithelium
56
Q

Vagina in Bovine

A
  • isolated foci of goblet cells are present in cranial part of vagina
57
Q

Vagina propriasubmucosa

A
  • dense irregular CT containing lymphatic nodules
58
Q

Vagina Tunica Muscularis

A
  • inner circular and outer longitudinal layer
59
Q

Sows and Bitches

A
  • the vagina has an additional thin layer of longitudinal muscle present inside the circular layer
60
Q

Vestibular Wall

A
  • similar to the caudal part of the vagina except for the presence of more subepithelial lymphatic nodules
61
Q

Mares and Bitches Vestibule

A
  • in the vestibule an erectile corpus cavernosum, termed bulbus vestibuli is present beneath the vestibular mucosa
62
Q

Bulbus vestibuli

A
  • an erectile corpus cavernosum
63
Q

Clitoris

A
  • homologous to the male penis
64
Q

Vulva

A
  • formed by the labia which are folds of the integuments
65
Q

Estrous Cycle

A
  1. Proestrus
  2. Estrus
  3. Metestrus
  4. Diestrus
66
Q

Proestrus

A
  • is the period of follicular growth

- Endometrial proliferation and increased vascularization

67
Q

Estrus

A
  • ovulation occurs

- The endometrial proliferation and edema is more apparent

68
Q

Metestrus

A
  • development of the corpus luteum

- Endometrial gland hyperplasia

69
Q

Diestrus

A
  • is the phase of active corpus luteum under the influence of progesterone
  • The endometrial glandular hyperplasia and secretion are maximum

Histology and Embryology (17 decks)

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