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Histology and Embryology > Embryo Digestive System and Respiratory > Flashcards

Embryo Digestive System and Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Tissues of the digestive tube are derived from the _______

A
  • endoderm
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2
Q

Connective and muscular tissue covering are derived from the ______

A
  • splanchnic mesoderm
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3
Q

A portion of the endoderm-lined yolk sac cavity forms the ________

A
  • primitive gut
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4
Q

The primitive gut is formed as a result of ______ and _______ folding

A
  • longitudinal and transverse
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5
Q

The cephalic part of the primitive gut forms the ______

A
  • foregut
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6
Q

The caudal part of the primitive gut forms the ________

A
  • hindgut
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7
Q

The midgut of the primitive gut remains temporally connected to the yolk sac by means of the _________

A
  • vitelline duct or yolk stalk
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8
Q

At the cranial most end of the foregut, a _______ develops

A
  • stomodeum
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9
Q

The _______ extends from the oral opening to the buccopharyngeal membrane

A
  • stomodeum
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10
Q

At the caudal end of the hindgut an ectodermal depression known as the ________ develops

A
  • proctodeum
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11
Q

The _____ is in between the cranial and caudal intestinal portal

A
  • midgut
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12
Q

The _____ develops into the cranial part of the duodenum

A
  • foregut
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13
Q

The ____ develops into the mouth

A
  • stomodeum
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14
Q

The _____ extends from the buccopharyngeal membrane to the cranial intestinal portal

A
  • foregut
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15
Q

The _____ is from the caudal intestinal portal to the cloacal membrane

A
  • hindgut
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16
Q

The _____ is from the cloacal membrane to the external opening

A
  • proctodeum
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17
Q

The _____ develops into the caudal part of the duodenum

A
  • midgut
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18
Q

The _______ and _______ contribute to the formation of the duodenum

A
  • foregut (cranial part)

- midgut (caudal part)

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19
Q

The _____ forms the caudal part of the colon and the rectum

A
  • hindgut
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20
Q

The _____ forms the cranial part of the colon

A
  • midgut
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21
Q

The ______ and ______ contribute to the formation of the colon

A
  • midgut (cranial part)

- hindgut (caudal part)

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22
Q

The ________ forms the anal canal and the anus

A
  • proctodeum
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23
Q

The ______ side of the stomach grows faster than the _____ side which forms the greater and lesser curvatures respectively

A
  • dorsal

- ventral

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24
Q

The first rotation (cranio-caudal) of the stomach shifts the greater curvature to the ______

A
  • left
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25
Q

The second rotation (dorso-ventral), shifts the caudal end of the stomach to the ______ side and ______

A
  • right

- cranially

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26
Q

The ______ develops from the mesoderm of the dorsal mesogastrium

A
  • spleen
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27
Q

The ______ and ______ curvatures of the ruminant stomach are the dorsal and ventral curvatures respectively

A
  • greater

- lesser

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28
Q

The ______ develops as an outgrowth of the dorsal surface of the fundus

A
  • rumen
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29
Q

The _______ develops as a left ventral bulge at the origin of the rumen

A
  • reticulum
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30
Q

The ______ develops from the lesser curvature

A
  • omasum
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31
Q

The ______ is formed by the lower part of the corpus and the pyloric part of the simple stomach

A
  • abomasum
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32
Q

The _______ is formed from the central axis

A
  • gastric groove
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33
Q

The ________ develops into the four compartments of the ruminant stomach

A
  • central axis
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34
Q

In a ______ calf the rumen and reticulum are equal to half the abomasum

A
  • a new-born calf
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35
Q

In an _______ calf the rumen and reticulum are equal to the abomasum

A
  • eight week old
36
Q

In an _______ calf the rumen and reticulum are double the abomasum

A
  • 12 week old
37
Q

The ______ chamber makes up the majority of the ruminant stomach

A
  • rumen
38
Q

The ______ limb of the loop (midgut) develops into the distal part of the duodenum, jejunum and part of the ileum

A
  • cranial
39
Q

The _____ limb of the loop (midgut) develops into the lower part of the ileum, the cecum, the ascending colon, and part of the transverse colon

A
  • Caudal
40
Q

In the ____ and ____ the ascending colon is a short and straight tube followed by a transverse and descending colon

A
  • dog and cat
41
Q

In _____ and ______ the spiral loop is more variable, but usually forms three centripetal and three centrifugal turn

A
  • sheep and goat
42
Q

In ______ the ascending colon forms two limbs the ventral and dorsal ascending colon

A
  • equine
43
Q

In the ____ the ascending colon develops into the centripetal and centrifugal coils

A
  • pigs
44
Q

In the subdivision of the cloaca at the junction of the _____ and _______, the endoderm and surrounding mesenchyme thickens and forms the _________

A
  • hindgut
  • allantois
  • urorectal septum
45
Q

The proximal part of the _____ and cranial portion of the _______ ______ together enlarge to form the _______

A
  • allantois
  • urogenital sinus
  • bladder
46
Q

The ____ blood supply is the celiac artery

A
  • foregut
47
Q

The ________ blood supply is the cranial mesenteric artery

A
  • midgut
48
Q

The _______ blood supply is the caudal mesenteric artery

A
  • hindgut
49
Q

intestinal ______ (local narrowing) and ______ (closure) occurs in puppies, kittens, foals and calves

A
  • stenosis

- atresia

50
Q

_______ (imperforate anus) is the failure of the anal membrane to break down. Species

A
  • Atresia ani

- calves and pigs

51
Q

_______ are abnormalities in the development of the urorectal septum that permits communication between the rectum and the urogenital sinus. Ingesta in urine. Species

A
  • urorectal fistula

- calves

52
Q

_______ is persistence of the vitello-intestinal duct. Species .

A
  • Meckel’s diverticulum

- horses and pigs

53
Q

__________ (situs invertus) is when the body organs develop opposite to their normal position

A
  • counter- rotation of the gut
54
Q

______ is failure of retraction of the midgut loop and produces a congenital hernia

A
  • omphalocele
55
Q

__________ is when the urachus remains open and urine is excreted from this tube at the umbilicis

A
  • patent urachus, or urachal fistula
56
Q

The ______ develops as a hepatic bud, or diverticulum

A
  • liver
57
Q

The diverticulum of the liver develops into the pars _____ and pars _______

A
  • hepatica

- cystica

58
Q

The pars _______ develops into the liver parenchyma (liver cords) and hepatic ducts

A
  • hepatica
59
Q

The pars ______ develops into the gall bladder and cystic duct. Absent in ______

A
  • cystica

- horses

60
Q

The epithelial liver cords and the vitelline veins form the ______

A
  • hepatic sinusoids
61
Q

The liver cords differentiate into ______

A
  • hepatocytes
62
Q

Hepatocytes are derived from _____

A
  • endoderm
63
Q

Kupffer cells and connective tissue cells are derived from _________ of the septum transversum

A
  • splanchnic mesoderm
64
Q

The cystic duct joins the hepatic duct to form the _______

A
  • bile duct
65
Q

The _______ opens into the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla

A
  • bile duct
66
Q

The CT capsule and ligaments of the liver are derived from __________ ______

A
  • splanchnic mesoderm
67
Q

The ______ pancreatic bud forms the left lobe of the pancreas

A
  • dorsal
68
Q

The _____ pancreatic bud forms the right lobe of the pancreas

A
  • ventral
69
Q

Species Differences in Pancreatic Duct

A
  • Memorize chart
70
Q

The respiratory diverticulum (lung bud) appears as an outgrowth from the ventral wall of the _______

A
  • foregut
71
Q

The epithelial lining of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs is _________

A
  • endodermal
72
Q

The cartilaginous and muscular components of the respiratory system are derived from ________

A
  • the splanchnic mesoderm
73
Q

The laryngotracheal groove later becomes the _______

A
  • tracheo-esophageal septum
74
Q

The tracheo-esophageal septum divides the foregut into the dorsal and ventral _______

A
  • esophagus
75
Q

The dorsal esophagus will become the _______

A
  • the laryngo-tracheal tube
76
Q

The ventral esophagus will become the _______

A
  • lung bud
77
Q

In ________ and ______ a tracheal bronchus develops on the right side

A
  • ruminants and pigs
78
Q

Alveoli produce a phospho-lipoprotein called _______

A
  • surfactant
79
Q

Cessation of the umbilical blood flow at birth results in a rapid _____ in Oxygen and ______ in carbon dioxide in the blood

A
  • decrease

- increase

80
Q

___________ is a primary defect in cartilage morphogesis in the english bull dog

A
  • tracheal hypoplasia or tracheal stenosis
81
Q

_____________ is the improper separation of the caudal portion of the laryngotracheal groove from the foregut

A
  • tracheo-esophageal fistula
82
Q

________ is the inability of the alveolar epithelial cells to produce enough surfactant to prevent collapse of the alveoli

A
  • respiratory distress syndrome
83
Q

During respiratory distress syndrome, seizing is common in ______. Often during the onset of a seizure they may make barking sounds which is called ________ ________ ________

A
  • foal

- Barker Foal syndrome

84
Q

The mesenchymal tissue surrounding each common cardinal vein is the _________ _____

A
  • pleuropericardial fold
85
Q

The pleuropericardial fold grow medially and fuse, forming the ________ ________

A
  • pleuropericardial septum
86
Q

In the _________ the ascending colon develops an elongated loop which grows and forms the proximal loops of the colon, the spiral loops of the colon and the distal loops of the colon

A
  • ruminants

Histology and Embryology (17 decks)

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