Embryology Urogenital System Flashcards
The _____ part of the urogenital system is derived from the intermediate mesoderm
- cranial
The _____ part of the urogenital system is derived from the endoderm
- middle
The _____ part of the urogenital system is derived from the ectoderm
- caudal most
The intermediate mesoderm grows and forms the _______
- nephrogenic ridge
The Kidney pronephrons is functional in ______, but not functional in _______ and will regress
- fishes
- mammals
The Kidney metenephros is permanent and functional in _______
- reptile
- birds
- mammals
The kidney mesenephros is functional in ______
- amphibians
The size of the ______ is correlated with the type of placenta
- mesonephros
The Mesenephros is smallest in ________ (endotheliochorial placenta), largest in _______ (epitheliochorial placenta) and intermediate in ______
- carnivores
- pigs
- ruminants
The _______ tubules are better developed than the pronephric tubules having a Bowman’s Capsule and glomerulus. They are functional in embryonic and fetal life.
- mesonephric
Most mesonephric _______ regress, whereas the mesonephric _______ persists
- tubules
- ducts
The _______ develops from the most caudal part of the nephrogenic ridge. Dual origin.
- metanephros
The ureteric bud (meteneprhic diverticulum) arises from the caudal part of the mesonephric duct and develops into the _______
- collecting system
The ureteric bud grows to form the metanephric cap which develops into the ___________
- excretory system (nephron)
The excretory system derived from the _________ forms Bowman’s capsule, PCT, Loop of Henle and DCT
- metenephric tissue cap
The collecting system derived from the ________ forms the collecting tubules, major and minor calyces, renal pelvis and ureter
- ureteric bud (metanephric diverticulum)
The ______ of the urinary bladder divides into the vesicular part(cranial most), pelvic part and phallic part (caudal most)
- urogenital sinus
The proximal part of the allantois and the vesicular part of the urogenital sinus enlarge to form the _______
- urinary bladder
Allantois degenerates and forms the _____
- urachus
Metanephric duct (ureter) opens into the ______
- bladder
Mesonephric duct opens into the _________
- urogenital sinus (pelvic part)
________ is the absence of one or both kidneys
- renal agenesis
________ is when two kidneys may fuse
- horse-shoe kidney
________ is the failure of union between the developing nephron and collecting tubules
- cystic kidney
________ is when the ureter opens into the urethra. Species
- ectopic ureter
- common in female dogs
The Genetic sex of the embryo is established at the time of fertilization, but it is difficult to determine the sex of an embryo morphologically. This phase is called the __________
- indifferent stage
The _________ develops on the ventro-medial aspect of the mesonephros
- genital (gonadal) ridge
The primordial germ cells originate from the ________
- yolk sac
The primordial germ cells migrate to the genital ridge which induces the development to form the _______ in the mesenchyme
- primitive sex cords
The persisting Mesonephric (wolffian) duct develops into the _____ duct system
- male
The paramesonephric (mullerian) duct develops into the ______ duct system
- female
_____ chromosome contains the testis determining factor (TDF) genes
- Y
The Mullerian Inhibitory substance (MIS) is produced by the _______ cells. Causes the regression of the mullerian duct
- sertoli
Testosterone is produced by the ________ cells and stimulates the development of the wolffian duct and causes the regression of the mullerian duct
- leydig
The _____ develop into the seminiferous tubules and rete testis
- testis (gonadal cords)
The ________ differentiate into gonocytes and after birth give rise to spermatogonia
- primordial germ cells
The Sertoli and leydig cells are derived from the ________
- mesenchyme
The tunica albunica albuginea develops from a ______
- mesenchymal sheet
Some of the persisting mesonephric tubules develop into the __________
- efferent ductules
_________ is a mesenchymal condensation that extends from the gonad to the scrotal swelling. This and intra-abdominal pressure are responsible for testis descent
- gebernaculum testis
_____ develops into the ductus epididymis and ductus deferens
- mesonephric duct
The paramesonephric duct will regress, but in the bull it persists and is called the ________
- uterus masculinus
The paramesonephric duct cranially develops into the _______ and caudally develops into the ______
- uterine tube
- uterus and vagina
- In females the gonadal cords break up into small clusters called _____
- follicles
Follicles contain primordial germ cells to develop into ______
- oogonia (primary oocyte)
Follicular cells are of ________ origin
- mesenchymal
The ______ develops at the terminal part of the mesonephric duct
- vesicular gland
The _______ gives rise to the penis in the male and clitoris in the female
- genital tubercle
The ______ give rise to the scrotum in the male and the labia in the female
- genital swellings
The external genitalia develops from the ventral part of the _______
- proctodeum
_________ occurs when twins are of the opposite sex and the development of the genital system is retarded in the female embryo due to the influence of the testosterone produced int he male embryo. The female is born infertile.
- freemartin
_______ is the failure of the testis to descend
- cryptorchidism
______ accumulation of the fluid within the two layers of the tunica vaginalis
- hydrocoele
The ______ has 2 origins. It is formed from the caudal part of the paramesonephric duct and the pelvic part of the urogenital sinus (caudally)
- vagina
