Malattia parodontale in gravidanza

Question 1

Is there a role for oral health improvement in the prevention of premature deliveries ?

Answer 1

• during pregnancy oral health can be affected by hormonal and immunologic factors, leading to the onset or aggravation of dental, periodontal and potentially other oral diseases
• conflicting findings regarding epidemiologic and ethiopathogenic associations between periodontal disease and poor pregnancy outcomes have been published

Question 2

What is the etiopathogenesis for periodontal disease in pregnancy?

Answer 2

• modification of periodontal biofilms with shift to gram-negative organisms
• reduced neutrophil response to gingival bacteria
• hormonal pro-inflammatory effects

Question 3

Is there any relationship between maternal periodontal disease and poor obstetric outcomes?

Answer 3

data from clinical trials suggest that periodontal disease may increase the adverse pregnancy outcomes (PTB, LBW, PE, pPROM)

Question 4

Che ruolo ha il basso peso alla nascita (LBW)?

Answer 4

• rappresenta uno dei maggiori determinanti della mortalità e morbilità in epoca neonatale e dello sviluppo psicomotorio in età infantile
• può essere dovuto a parto prematuro o a ritardato accrescimento intrauterino (IUGR)

Question 5

Pathogenic mechanisms linking periodontal diseases with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Answer 5

• periodontal pathogens may disseminate toward placental and fetal tissues
• inflammatory reactions within the placental tissues of the pregnant woman may occur and levels of PGE 2, TNF-α , PCR, IgM in the amniotic fluid may increase
• periodontal bacteria can directly cause infections both of the uteroplacenta and the fetus;
• systemic inflammatory changes induced by periodontal diseases can activate responses at the maternal-fetal interface.

Question 6

Strategie preventive nella gravida

Answer 6

● Visita odontoiatrica entro il 3°mese
● Rimozione professionale irritanti locali
● Istruzioni all’igiene orale domiciliare con tecniche opportune
● Verifica dell’ottenimento di adeguati standard igienici

Question 7

Qual è la finestra utile per l’igiene professionale dentale in gravidanza?

Answer 7

Tutta la gravidanza

Question 8

Qual è la finestra utile per i trattamenti odontoiatrici operativi in gravidanza?

Answer 8

Tra l’inizio del II trimestre e metà del III.