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IM > Malaria > Flashcards

Malaria Flashcards

1
Q

Malaria

A

Most important parasitic disease in humans

Infection of RBC w/ protozoan parasites inoculated into the human host by a feeding female anopheline mosquito

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2
Q

Erythrocytic cycle

A

responsible for disease

rupture of schizonts and release of merozoites present clinically as paroxysms

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3
Q

Responsible for disease relapses

A

Hypnozoites

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4
Q

Plasmodium species

A 
P. falcifarum
P. vivax
P. ovale
P. malariae
P. knowlesi
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5
Q

Severe malaria

A

P. falcifarum

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6
Q

P. falcifarum

A

Trophozoites seen as ring forms

banana shaped gametocytes

Maurer dots

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7
Q

P. vivax

A

irregularly shaped large rings and trophozoites

enlarged erythrocytes

Schuffner dts

can cause RELAPSE

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8
Q

P. ovale

A

infected erythrocytes, enlarged oval w/ tufted ends

Schuffner dots

can cause RELAPSE

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9
Q

P. malariae

A

band/rectangular forms of trophozoites

not enlarged erythrocytes

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10
Q

P. knowlesi

A

not enlarged erythrocytes

difficut=l to accurately diagnose by microscopy because of the morphologic similarity of the trophozoites to P. falcifarum and P. malariae

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11
Q

Classic malaria paroxysms

A 
cold stage (chills)
hot stage (fever spikes)
sweating stage
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12
Q

Gold standard for the diagnosis of malaria

A

thin and thick smear

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13
Q

CBC malaria

A

normocytic normochromic anemia

thrombocytopenia

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14
Q

ABG malaria

A

HAGMA

dec bicarbonate
inc lactate

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15
Q

First line drug for confirmed uncomplicated and severe (IV formulation) P. falcifarum malaria

A

Artemether-Lumefantrine

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16
Q

Side effects of Artemether-Lumefantrine

A

CI - pregnant and children <8 y/o

artemether - anaphylaxis, urticaria, fever

lumefantrine - none

17
Q

2nd line of treatment and in cases of treatment failure

A

Quinine + Tetracycline/Doxycycline

Quinine + Clindamycin for pregnant women and children <8 y/o

18
Q

For treatment of uncomplicated or severe falciparum malaria

A

Artesunate

19
Q

Side effects of Quinine

A 
cinchonism
tinnitus
high tone hearing loss
hypoglycemia
very bitter taste
20
Q

Side effects of artesunate

A

neurotoxicity

cardiotoxicity

21
Q

For radical cure because it eradicates hepatic forms of P. vivax and P. ovale (to prevent relapse)

Not used to treat erythrocytic stage of malaria

A

Primaquine

22
Q

Side effects of primaquine

A

massive hemolysis in G6PD deficieny

23
Q

DOC for P. vivax, malariae, ovale and knowlesi cases

Can be used for prophylaxis or treatment

A

Chloroquine

24
Q

Side effects of chloroquine

A

nausea
dysphoria
pruritus
retinopathy

25
Q

Acts as blood schizonticide

Used for prophylaxis or treatment of drug resistant malaria

Only prophylaxis permitted in pregnancy

A

Mefloquine

26
Q

Side effects of mefloquine

A

neuropsychiatric ractions

IM (66 decks)

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