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IM > CVS PE > Flashcards

CVS PE Flashcards

1
Q

Indicates presence of central R to L shunting

A

Clubbing

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2
Q

Unopposable, “fingerized” thumb

A

Holt-Oram Syndrome

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3
Q

Arachnodactyly and positive wrist and thumb

A

Marfan Syndrome

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4
Q

Posterior calf pain on active DORSIFLEXION of the foot against resistance

A

Homan’s Sign

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5
Q

Caused by R to L shunting at the level of the heart or lungs and seen in tongue or lips

A

Central cyanosis

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6
Q

Related to ↓ extremity blood flow due to small vessel constriction and can be seen in patients with severe heart failure, shock and peripheral vascular disease

A

Peripheral cyanosis (Acrocyanosis)

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7
Q

Also seen in patients with advanced mitral stenosis or scleroderma

A

Malar telangiectasia

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8
Q

High-arched palate

A

Marfan syndrome

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9
Q

Bifid uvula

A

Loeys-Diets syndrome

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10
Q

Orange tonsils

A

Tangier disease

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11
Q

Hypertelorism, low set ears, micrognathia

A

Congenital Heart Disease

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12
Q

Blue sclerae

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

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13
Q

SYSTOLIC pulsations over the LIVER signify

A

severe tricuspid regurgitation

whhyyyy

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14
Q

The single most important bedside measurement from which to estimate the volume status

A

Jugular Venous Pressure

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15
Q

Venous waveform that signifies atrial CONTRACTION

A

a wave

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16
Q

Seen in px with reduced right ventricular compliance

A

prominent a wave

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17
Q

Seen in px with AV dissociation and RA contraction against a closed tricuspid valve

A

cannon a wave

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18
Q

Venous waveform that signifies atrial RELAXATION

A

x descent

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19
Q

Venous waveform that occurs when closed tricuspid valve is pushed into the RA during early right ventricular systole

A

c wave

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20
Q

Venous waveform that signifies atrial FILLING (atrial diastole)

A

v wave

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21
Q

Venous waveform that signifies venous EMPTYING

A

y descent

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22
Q

Rise or lack of fall of the JVP with inspiration

A

Kussmaul’s sign

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23
Q

Very low (even 0 mmHg) diastolic pressure is seen in px with

A

chronic severe aortic regurgitation

large arteriovenous fistula

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24
Q

large a wave

A

tricuspid stenosis
pulmonary stenosis
pulmonary hypertension

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25
Q

cannon wave

A

complete heart block
VVI pacing
ventricular tachycardia

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26
Q

steep “x”, “y” descent

A

constrictive pericarditis

cardiac tamponade

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27
Q

large “v” wave, “cv” wave

A

tricuspid regurgitation

28
Q

White coat HPN

A

Defined by:

at least 3 separate clinic based measurement >140/90 mmHg

AND

at least 2 non-clinic based measurements <140/90 mmHg in the absence of any evidence of target organ damage

29
Q

Masked HPN

A

Suspected when normal or even low blood pressures are recorded in patients with advanced atherosclerotic disease especially when evidence of target organ damage is present or bruits are available

30
Q

Orthostatic hypertension

A

This is defined by a FALL in systolic pressure >20mmHg and diastolic pressure >10 mmHg in response to assumption of the upright posture from a supine position within 3 min

31
Q

Performed routinely before instrumentation of the radial artery

A

Allen’s Test

32
Q

Pulsus magnus

A

Pulse that is STRONG and BOUNDING

33
Q

Pulsus parvus

A

Pulse that is THREADY

34
Q

Pulvus Parvus et Tardus

A

Pulse that is WEAK and DELAYED

seen in SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS

35
Q

Corrigan’s or water-hammer pulse

A

Carotid upstroke that has sharp rise and rapid fall off

CHRONIC SEVERE AORTIC REGURGITATION

36
Q

Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HCOM)

A

With BIFID pulse and inscription of percussion and tidal wave

37
Q

Coincides with the closure of mitral and tricuspid valves and best heard at the apex–

A

1st Heart Sound (S1)

38
Q

Coincides with the closure of aortic and pulmonic valves and best heart at the base

A

2nd Heart Sound (S2)

39
Q

Aortic area

A

2nd ICS at the right sternal border

40
Q

Pulmonic area

A

2nd ICS at the left sternal border

41
Q

Tricuspid area

A

Between 3rd to 5th ICS at the left sternal border

42
Q

Mitral area

A

Near the apex of the heart at the 5th ICS at the left midclavicular line

43
Q

Murmur that coincides with carotid upstroke

A

Systolic murmur

44
Q

Begins after S1 and ends before S2

A

Midsystolic murmur

45
Q

Starts with S1 and stops at S2

A

Pansystolic (Holosystolic) murmur

46
Q

Usually starts in mid or late systole and persists up to S2

A

Late systolic murmur

47
Q

Wide splitting

A

RBBB

severe MR

48
Q

Unusual narrow split or singular S2

A

pulmonary arterial HPN

49
Q

Fixed splitting

A

secundum ASD

50
Q

Reversed or paradoxical splitting

A 
LBBB
right ventricular pacing
severe AS
HOCM
acute Mi
51
Q

Tricuspid Regurgitation

A

Early systolic murmur that increases in intensity with inspiration (Carvallo sign) –

52
Q

Tricuspid regurgitation

A

Systolic murmur at the 4th ICS left parasternal border which increased on inspiration

53
Q

Midsystolic ejection murmur

A

Aortic stenosis (AS) or pulmonic stenosis (PS)

54
Q

Systolic click with mid-to-late systolic murmur

A

mitral valve prolapse

55
Q

Holosystolic murmur

A

ventricular septal defect, chronic MR or TR

56
Q

This murmur always signify structural heart disease

A

Diastolic murmur

57
Q

Soft, early diastolic murmur

A

acute severe aortic regurgitation

58
Q

Decrescendo, blowing diastolic murmur

A

chronic severe aortic regurgitation

59
Q

Mid-late diastolic murmur/rumble with OPENING SNAP

A

Mitral stenosis

60
Q

Begins in systole and extends into all part of diastole

A

Continuous murmur

61
Q

Austin Flint murmur

A

Low-pitched mid-to-late apical diastolic murmur of chronic severe AR

62
Q

Graham Steel Murmur

A

High-pitched, decrescendo diastolic blowing murmur along the left sternal border heard in PULMONIC REGURGITATION secondary to dilatation of the RV outflow tract

63
Q

100 % specific for diagnosis of acute pericarditis

A

Pericardial Friction Rub

64
Q

High-pitched diastolic sound in constrictive pericarditis produced by the abrupt halt in early ventricular filling

A

Pericardial Knock

65
Q

Lower-pitched diastolic sound in atrial myxoma caused by prolapse of the mass through mitral orifice

A

Tumor Plop

IM (66 decks)

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