Major Muscle Groups Flashcards
Muscles can only…
Contract or relax (PULL ONLY)
Adduct vs Abduct
Add: towards midline
Abd: away from midline
Movement of joints
flex/extend
abduct/adduct
pronate/supinate
rotate
stabilize
movement of a region
raise/lower
left/right
What is the origin
Attachment of muscle
- fixed
-medial
-proximal
What is the insertion
Muscle attachment
-moveable
-lateral
-distal
What is a tendon?
Attaches muscle to bone (or other tendons)
End of muscle, made of connective tissue
What is aponeurosis?
a broad flat tendon
- think abdominal muscle
What is a raphe?
a tendon of a muscle, attached to another tendon
(midline tendon of the larynx)
What is a ligament?
Connect bone to bone
elastic tissue around joints
What is intrinsic muscle?
confined to a structure
What is extrinsic muscle?
connect structures to the body (ie. traps)
What is cutaneous muscle?
Twitch muscles
deep to the skin, and move the skin
What are epaxial muscles
Muscles of the vertebral column dorsal to the transverse process (on top)
EXTENDS the vertebral column
What are hypaxial muscles
muscle of the vertebral column ventral to the transverse process (below)
FLEXES vertebral column
- abdominal muscles
Skeletal muscles exists in ____
pairs
Muscles must ___ a joint to act on it
cross
What is the flexor surface
side of the joint where the act of flexion DECREASES resting angle
What is the extensor surface?
side of the joint, act of extension INCREASES resting angle
What do these muscles do?
Flexes shoulder joint
Extends elbow joint
What does this muscle do?
Flexes elbow joint
What does this muscle do?
Flexes tarsal joint
Extends Digital joints
What does this muscle do?
Flexes the stifle joint (knee)
Extends tarsal joint
What is a synsarcosis
Union between parts of the skeleton by muscles alone. No bony articular (ex. forelimbs to body)
the action of some extrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb depend on it the limb is_____ or ____
weight-bearing or not weight-bearing
If the limb is weight-bearing (immobile) contraction of an extrinsic TL muscle moves….
the body relative to the limb
If the limb is non weight-bearing (mobile), contraction of an extrinsic TL muscle move….
the limb relative to the body
What does this muscle do?
extends and stabilizes the shoulder joint
What does this muscle do?
Flexes shoulder joint
What does this muscle do?
flexes the elbow joint
What does this muscle do?
extends the elbow joint
What does this muscle do?
Extends the carpus and digits
What does this muscle do?
Flexes the carpus and digits
What does this muscle do?
Flexes and extends the hip joint
What does this muscle do?
rotates the hip joint
What does this muscle do? (2)
Cranial: Flexes the hip joint, extends the stifle joint
Medial: Adducts the hip joint
What does this muscle do?
Extends the hip joint
Extends and flexes the stifle joint
What does this muscle do? (2)
Craniolateral: flexes the hock and extends the digits
Caudal: extends the hock and flexes the digits
