Major Muscle Groups

Question 1

Muscles can only…

Answer 1

Contract or relax (PULL ONLY)

Question 2

Adduct vs Abduct

Answer 2

Add: towards midline
Abd: away from midline

Question 3

Movement of joints

Answer 3

flex/extend
abduct/adduct
pronate/supinate
rotate
stabilize

Question 4

movement of a region

Answer 4

raise/lower
left/right

Question 5

What is the origin

Answer 5

Attachment of muscle
- fixed
-medial
-proximal

Question 6

What is the insertion

Answer 6

Muscle attachment
-moveable
-lateral
-distal

Question 7

What is a tendon?

Answer 7

Attaches muscle to bone (or other tendons)
End of muscle, made of connective tissue

Question 8

What is aponeurosis?

Answer 8

a broad flat tendon
- think abdominal muscle

Question 9

What is a raphe?

Answer 9

a tendon of a muscle, attached to another tendon
(midline tendon of the larynx)

Question 10

What is a ligament?

Answer 10

Connect bone to bone
elastic tissue around joints

Question 11

What is intrinsic muscle?

Answer 11

confined to a structure

Question 12

What is extrinsic muscle?

Answer 12

connect structures to the body (ie. traps)

Question 13

What is cutaneous muscle?

Answer 13

Twitch muscles
deep to the skin, and move the skin

Question 14

What are epaxial muscles

Answer 14

Muscles of the vertebral column dorsal to the transverse process (on top)

EXTENDS the vertebral column

Question 15

What are hypaxial muscles

Answer 15

muscle of the vertebral column ventral to the transverse process (below)

FLEXES vertebral column
- abdominal muscles

Question 16

Skeletal muscles exists in ____

Answer 16

pairs

Question 17

Muscles must ___ a joint to act on it

Answer 17

cross

Question 18

What is the flexor surface

Answer 18

side of the joint where the act of flexion DECREASES resting angle

Question 19

What is the extensor surface?

Answer 19

side of the joint, act of extension INCREASES resting angle

Question 20

What do these muscles do?

Answer 20

Flexes shoulder joint
Extends elbow joint

Question 21

What does this muscle do?

Answer 21

Flexes elbow joint

Question 22

What does this muscle do?

Answer 22

Flexes tarsal joint
Extends Digital joints

Question 23

What does this muscle do?

Answer 23

Flexes the stifle joint (knee)
Extends tarsal joint

Question 24

What is a synsarcosis

Answer 24

Union between parts of the skeleton by muscles alone. No bony articular (ex. forelimbs to body)

Question 25

the action of some extrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb depend on it the limb is_____ or ____

Answer 25

weight-bearing or not weight-bearing

Question 26

If the limb is weight-bearing (immobile) contraction of an extrinsic TL muscle moves….

Answer 26

the body relative to the limb

Question 27

If the limb is non weight-bearing (mobile), contraction of an extrinsic TL muscle move….

Answer 27

the limb relative to the body

Question 28

What does this muscle do?

Answer 28

extends and stabilizes the shoulder joint

Question 29

What does this muscle do?

Answer 29

Flexes shoulder joint

Question 30

What does this muscle do?

Answer 30

flexes the elbow joint

Question 31

What does this muscle do?

Answer 31

extends the elbow joint

Question 32

What does this muscle do?

Answer 32

Extends the carpus and digits

Question 33

What does this muscle do?

Answer 33

Flexes the carpus and digits

Question 34

What does this muscle do?

Answer 34

Flexes and extends the hip joint

Question 35

What does this muscle do?

Answer 35

rotates the hip joint

Question 36

What does this muscle do? (2)

Answer 36

Cranial: Flexes the hip joint, extends the stifle joint
Medial: Adducts the hip joint

Question 37

What does this muscle do?

Answer 37

Extends the hip joint
Extends and flexes the stifle joint

Question 38

What does this muscle do? (2)

Answer 38

Craniolateral: flexes the hock and extends the digits
Caudal: extends the hock and flexes the digits