Anatomy 3

Question 1

2 enlargements of the spinal cord

Answer 1

cervical intumescence and lumbosacral intumescence

Question 2

in adult animals the spinal cord is shorter than the ….

Answer 2

vertebral canal - ends at L6 L7

Question 3

2 membranes around the CNS

Answer 3

pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater

Question 4

what are denticulate ligaments

Answer 4

extension of the pia mater that suspend the spinal cord in CSF within the subarachnoid space

Question 5

is the arachnoid mater a vascular or avascular membrane

Answer 5

avascular

Question 6

the epidural space contains…

Answer 6

fat

the cranial meninges have no epidural space

Question 7

7 layers that are passed through a lumbar puncture …

Answer 7

1. Skin
2. Superficial Fascia
3. Deep fascia
4. Supraspinous
5. Interspinous lig.
6. Interarcuate lig.
7. epidural space

Question 8

clinical significance of epidural space

Answer 8

epidural anesthesia

widely used in large animal medicine

between 1st and 2nd coccygeal vertebrae - because you wont damage the spinal cord there

Question 9

end of the spinal cord terms

Answer 9

conus medullaris and filum terminale

Question 10

how are spinal cord segments identified

Answer 10

attachment of the dorsal and ventral nerve roots to the surface of the spinal cord

Question 11

where does C1 spinal nerve exit from?

Answer 11

a lateral foramen
(other are from intervertebral foramen)

Question 12

what is the caudal ligament

Answer 12

terminal filament of the spinal cord - pia mater extension

Question 13

what is the cauda equina (and its 3 parts)

Answer 13

the spinal nerve roots ending and exiting

1- Conus medullaris Conus
2- Filum terminale medullaris
3- Spinal nerves (that flank 1 and 2)

Question 14

What is cauda equina syndrome

Answer 14

Injuries to the sacrum that damage the cord can produce paralysis of the tail, anus, perineum, bladder, and rectum.

Clinical signs include pelvic limb weakness (lumbosacral plexus)

Question 15

When does the cauda equina start/stop in the adult horsew

Answer 15

starts: lumbosacral junction
conus medullaris ends at S1
filum terminal ends at s 4

Question 16

the central canal of the spinal cord is just the ______ developed

Answer 16

neural tube

filled with CSF

Question 17

gray matter regions of the spinal cord

Answer 17

dorsal (sensory), intermediate, and ventral(motor) horns

Question 18

intermediate (lateral) horns contain

Answer 18

cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system (T1-L4 &sacral segments)

Question 19

3 white matter regions of the spinal cord

Answer 19

dorsal, lateral (mixed neurons) , ventral funiculus

Question 20

sensory neurons bring or take impulses to/from CNS

Answer 20

bring to CNS

Question 21

motor neurons bring or take impulses to/from CNS

Answer 21

take from CNS

Question 22

what does the dorsal root do?

Answer 22

brings sensory fibers to the spinal cord

Question 23

what are the dorsal root ganglion

Answer 23

swelling on the dorsal root that contains sensory cell bodies (pseudounipolar) - no synapse occurs here

Question 24

all spinal nerves are…..

Answer 24

mixed

Question 25

what are the 3 main arteries that run the length of the spinal cord

Answer 25

ventral spinal artery and dorsolateral spinal arteries

Question 26

what is the largest unpaired artery in the body

Answer 26

ventral spinal artery

supplies the gray matter

Question 27

3 sets of vertebral venous plexuses

Answer 27

internal vertenral venous plexus

dorsal and ventral external vertebral plexus

Question 28

what is a big risk factor for ventral approach to the spinal cord

Answer 28

rupturing the internal vertebral venous plexus