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Normal Animal > Domestication > Flashcards

Domestication Flashcards

1
Q

Consistent changes from domestication include

A

early decrease in size, later increase (mammals) early increase in size (birds)
decreased flight distance from people
coat and plumage color changes (this relates to behaviour) retention of neotenic characters
decrease in cranial capacity
increased genetic variability,
increased rate of increase in genetic variability

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2
Q

Domestication

A

taming, partnership with genetic change
biological and cultural phenomenon

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3
Q

List basic characteristics of a species that lead to ease of domestication

A

Characteristics of some wild species favor existence close to humans. Failure in any one of these usually results in no domestication.

diet: usually herbivorous or omnivorous
growth rate: the faster the better
easily reproduced in captivity (polygamy, no elaborate courtship) disposition (not too nasty or aggressive)
limited tendency to panic
social structure: herds, defined dominance pattern, overlapping
ranges rather than exclusive territories.

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4
Q

Wild animals

A

have subspecies - domestics fit poorly into normal taxonomy

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5
Q

breeds

A

similar enough to be grouped together and produce a similar product

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6
Q

standardized breed

A

conform to a standard, genetic isolation by design

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7
Q

industrial stock

A

subset of genetic breed, scientifically selected for great performance,
narrow environment (poultry, swine, dairy cows)

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8
Q

landrace

A

isolated by default (culture/geography/communication) no standard - Feral = domestic-> free living state, will never be wild (small brain forever)

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9
Q

basal breeds

A

village dogs = variable (others gone thru bottleneck) AKA Ferals
short hair/tan/curly tail/erect ears/ rare- ancient

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10
Q

sight hounds

A

Ancient, large lean, big eyes, chasing, silent, intelligent no pain, liver rare

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11
Q

scent hounds

A

smooth coat, lop ears, nosy (bay) when chasing, liver rare

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12
Q

pointers

A

large lean, bird dog, freeze, liver common, will eye and stalk

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13
Q

retrievers

A

large heavy, moderate lop, straight tail, 3 colors, obedient

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14
Q

spaniels

A

pointing/retrieving, medium, long hair, lop, liver common, dock tails

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15
Q

terriers

A

wire/smooth coat, tough, dock tails, rats/foxes, self destruct in groups
will crush/kill/bite and consume

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16
Q

fighters

A

selected for aggression, large, short hair, small lop,

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17
Q

herders

A

controlled predation, British headers/heelers, continental breeds- Boundary
will eye, stalk, chase, grab/bite

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18
Q

livestock guardians

A

large heavy, long hair, white, small lop, non-predatory instincts, ancient
not trainable independent decisions

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19
Q

mastiffs

A

large shorthair, no white, vary use - guard, fight, draft, companions

20
Q

spitz

A

variable size/coat/behavior, stiff hair, curled tail, erect ears

21
Q

giants

A

huge loose skin, draft/rescue

22
Q

toys/pets

A

variety and companionship

23
Q

Sheep goals

A

meat/milk/packing/fiber - turn grass into human uses

24
Q

Sheep changes

A
  • Horns (size, shape, presence)- Tail length, shorter/thicker leg bones, color, fat deposits (rump/tail) - wool variation
25
Q

Short tails in

A

scandinavia and south india

26
Q

thin long tails in

A

india/europe/ NW africa

27
Q

fat tail in

A

asia/afria/arabia

28
Q

fat rump in

A

central asia and horn of africa

29
Q

goats are the

A

first domesticated ruminant

30
Q

rank of twisty horns from least to most

A

scandinavian, british, swiss, mediterranean

31
Q

african dwarf and long legged goats

A

travel, less grass, less parasite

32
Q

products if cows

A
  • milk, meat, leather, draft, horns (plastic), manure, fertilizer, fuel, manure bricks, bank account and wealth symbol, bride price, sacrifice COW POX
33
Q

• Discuss the consequences of hog management and selection for production and welfare.

A

They eat trash and when they were eradicated towns smelled SCAVENGERS
With pigs gone more charcoal production,(trees removed -> landslides hurricanes

Changes!! Concave face, curly tail, lop

Fatness first then leanness (wild type) welfare bc skinny = unhappy

Bacon type= large long no muscle
Lard = cobby, fat, thick
Meat = long thick muscular

34
Q

Describe the selection pressures of animals for transport purposes.

A

Keep some wild adaptations - low repro rates for harsher landscapes Goals: Riding packing draft, meat milk
Camels replaced the wheel in egpyt Bactrian fiber occasionally.

35
Q

Describe the consequences of selection of birds for egg production.

A

First selected for cockfighting and religion THEN meat and eggs Ducks form eggs in under 24 hours vs hens in just over 24 hours

36
Q

castrated goat, sheep

A

wether

37
Q

castrated pig

A

barrow

38
Q

castrated horse, donkey, camel, llama

A

gelding

39
Q

castrated mule

A

john mule

40
Q

female mule

A

molly mule

41
Q

male donkey and female donkey

A

jack and jenny

42
Q

young llama/alpaca

A

cria

43
Q

castrated fowl

A

capon

44
Q

castrated turkey

A

hokie lol

45
Q

male goose

A

gander

46
Q

groups of domestic animals are

A

pack= dogs
flock for sheep and birds (gaggle for goose)
herd for everyone else

Normal Animal (18 decks)

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