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CMBM 3 > Major DNA Viruses > Flashcards

Major DNA Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the characteristics of Parvovirus: B19.

A

ss
linear DNA
naked
icosahedral

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2
Q

How is parvovirus transmitted?

A

respiratory

oral secretions

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3
Q

What is the pathogenesis of parvovirus B19?

A

infects mitotically active erythroid precursor cells in bone marrow

2-phase disease

  1. lytic: viremia, flu-like symptoms, viral shedding
  2. non-infectious immune response
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4
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of parvo?

A

“slap cheek”
erythematous
lacy reticular maculopapular rash

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5
Q

What are complications of parvovirus B19?

A

intrauterine infection may lead to hydrops fetalis

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6
Q

Describe the characteristics of Adenovirus.

A

ds
non-enveloped
linear
DNA

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7
Q

How are adenoviruses transmitted?

A

*Respiratory
- inhalation of respiratory droplets
- across eye by direct contact
GI
-fecal-oral route

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8
Q

What is the pathogenesis of adenoviruses?

A
  • infect mucoepithelium in tissues

- infect adenoids, tonsils, respiratory epithelium, Peyer’s patches, intestinal epitheia

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9
Q

Which Ig is involved to resolve adenovirus?

A

IgG

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10
Q

Adenovirus proteins interfere with immune defenses by blocking ?

A

IFN

T-cells

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11
Q

Adenovirus has what oncogenes?

A

promote cell growth
EIA &raquo_space; inactivates pRB (retinoblastoma)
E1B» inactivates p53

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12
Q

What are the clinical syndromes of Adenovirus infection?

A 
Acute Febrile Pharyngitis 
Pharyngoconjunctival fever
Acute respiratory disease
Other: laryngitis, croup, brionchiolitis
Epidemic karatoconjunctivitis "shipyard eye"
cervititis, urethritis
Acute gastroenteritis (infants)
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13
Q

What are the characteristics of papillomaviridae (HPV)?

A

ds
non-enveloped
circular
small

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14
Q

What is the incubation period for papillomaviridae (HPV)?

A

2 weeks to 1+ years

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15
Q

What are common diseases of papillomaviridae (HPV)?

A 
plantar warts
anogenital warts (HPV 6/11)
Cervical cancer (HPV16/18)
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16
Q

What layer of the skin does papillomaviridae (HPV) develop?

A

basal cells of the dermal layer via L1 VAP/integrins

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17
Q

What are epithelial spikes referred to as?

A

papillomatosis

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18
Q

In what layer are prickle cells present? prickle layer?

A

stratum spinosum

stratum granulosum

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19
Q

In papillomaviridae (HPV), E6 binds to ___________ and activates ___________ and suppresses ____________.

A

p53
activates telomerase
suppresses apoptosis

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20
Q

in papillomaviridae (HPV) E7 binds to ___.

A

p105RB

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21
Q

What laboratory tests would you use to diagnose papillomaviridae (HPV)?

A

Cytology: Koilocytotic cells
In situ DNA probe analysis
PCR

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22
Q

What is the treatment of papillomaviridae (HPV)?

A

removal

  • cryotherapy, electrocautery
  • interferon, imiquimod or stripping with duct tape
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23
Q

What vaccinations are available for papillomaviridae (HPV)?

A

Gardasil (tetravalent HPV6,11,16,18)
Cervarix (divalent HPV16,18)
9-26 years of age
3 doses (initial, 2 mos, 6 mos)

24
Q

What are the characteristics of herpesvirus (HSV, VZV)?

A

ds
enveloped
linear
large

25
Q

How is herpesvirus (HSV, VZV) transmitted?

A

requires inoculation of virus-containing body fluids

sites: oral, ocular, genital, mucosa, respiratory tract, blood stream

26
Q

What are the clinical presentations of HSV-1?

A

lesions on oropharynx
cold sores
fever blisters

27
Q

What are the clinical presentation of HSV-2?

A

lesions on genitalia

can be spread without genital lesions

28
Q

Where do herpesvirus (HSV, VZV) go latent?

A

nerve ganglia

29
Q

How are HSV 1/2 transmitted?

A

close contact

STD

30
Q

How is VZV transmitted?

A

respiratory

close contact

31
Q

What are primary manifestation of HSV-1?

A

gingiovostomatitis - children(fever, malaise, lesions)

pharyngitis or tonsillitis - adults

32
Q

What are secondary/recurrent manifestations of HSV-1?

A

cold sore
keratoconjunctivitis (eye)
Herpetic Gladiatorium
Herpatic Whitlow (fingers)

33
Q

What are 3 separate phases of HSV?

A

establishment
maintenance
reactivation

34
Q

What triggers can reactivate HSV?

A 
stress
UV light
infection
menstruation
decreased immunity
35
Q

How is recurrence suppressed for HSV?

A

strong cellular immune response

36
Q

HSV-1 can be responsible for (encephalitis/meningitis)?

A

encephalitis

37
Q

What are some HSV complications?

A

perinatal transmission
encephalitis
meningitis
(if immune suppressed - pneumonia, mucocutaneous lesions)

38
Q

How would you diagnose HSV 1/2?

A

clinical appearance

PCR of CSF for HSV encephalitis

39
Q

Why is HSV difficult to prevent?

A

many people shed asymptomatically

40
Q

What is the treatment for HSV?

A

valacyclovir
acyclovir
famciclovir

41
Q

In what form is VZV reactivated?

A

shingles

42
Q

What can trigger VZV reactivation?

A

old age
decreased immunity
local injury

43
Q

How would shingles present?

A

acute pain
redness of dermatome
rash
post-herpatic neuralgia (PHN) can be prolonged

44
Q

How would you diagnose VZV?

A 
clinical presentation
3 types of lesions simultaneously
- maculopapular
- vesicular
- scabs
45
Q

What treatments are available for VZV?

A

chicken pox - symptomatic
Zoster rash - acyclovir
Zoster PHN - tricycle antidepressant

46
Q

What are the characteristics of poxviridae?

A

ds DNA
linear
complex symmetry
cytoplasmic replication

47
Q

How is poxviridae transmitted?

A

respiratory droplets

fomites

48
Q

How does poxviridae present?

A

basophilic inclusion bodies

49
Q

What treatments are available for poxviridae?

A

freezing
electric cautery
chemical agents

50
Q

What are the characteristics of Hepadnaviridae (HBV)?

A

ds (partially)
enveloped
circular DNA

51
Q

How is Hepadnaviridae (HBV) transmitted?

A 
***minute amount can transmit***
blood
bodily fluids
perinatal (during birth or through milk)
(once it enters bloodstream it travels to the liver to infect hepatocytes)
52
Q

Describe replication of Hepadnaviridae (HBV)?

A

DNA virus but includes RNA intermediate

encodes reverse transcriptase (RNAd-DNA pol)

53
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Hepadnaviridae (HBV)?

A

hepatitis
excretion of bile pigments
-bilirubin accumulation (Jaundice)

54
Q

During which phase of chronic HBV would treatment be an option?

A

immune active

not indicated during immune tolerant or inactive phase

55
Q

What are the treatment options for Hepadnaviridae (HBV)?

A

Active vaccine (0,1,6 mos)

Post:
supportive
HBV immunoglobin (HBIG)
IFNa
Lamivudine
56
Q

How would you diagnose Hepadnaviridae (HBV)?

A

liver function test (ALT>AST)
Jaundice (30%)
RUG discomfort
Antibody detection

CMBM 3 (28 decks)

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