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CMBM 3 > Cell Adaptation > Flashcards

Cell Adaptation Flashcards

1
Q

Define etiology.

A

Cause of disease

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2
Q

Development of disease.

A

Pathogenesis

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3
Q

Label or name disease

A

Diagnosis

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4
Q

Prediction

A

Prognosis

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5
Q

Damage; length of disability

A

Morbidity

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6
Q

Who is the father of pathology?

A

Virchow

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7
Q

What two things do cells do when they are exposed to stress?

A

adapt or die

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8
Q

Define atrophy

A

cell shrinkage

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9
Q

Define hypertrophy

A

increase in size of cells and/or the organ (e.g. heart)

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10
Q

Define hyperplasia

A

increase in number of cells in any organ/tissue; division

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11
Q

What are three etiologies of hyperplasia?

A

physiologic
compensatory (trauma)
pathologic

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12
Q

Prolonged hormonal stimulation can lead to?

A

BPH, fibroids

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13
Q

Viral infection by papillomavirus are example of what type of hyperplasia?

A

pathologic hyperplasia

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14
Q

List two pathogenesis causes of hypertrophy.

A 
increased functional demand
hormonal stimulation (eg. thyroxin - thyroid medicine)
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15
Q

Low thyroid hormone causes (increase/decrease) in size of heart.

A

decrease

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16
Q

Shrinkage in the size of cells by loss of structural components caused by?

A 
decreased work load
loss of innervation
diminished blood supply (vascular disease)
inadequate nutrition
loss of endocrine stimulation
17
Q

Define metaplasia.

A

Reversible change in which one adult epithelial type is replaced by another adult type of epithelium. (columnar to squamous)

18
Q

Define dysplasia.

A

Cells have undergone atypical cytological alterations involving cell size, shape and orientation.

19
Q

Define neoplasia.

A

uncontrolled growth (eg. squamous cell carcinoma) [image]

20
Q

An example of compensatory hyperplasia due to trauma is?

A

callus

21
Q

What is the human life expectancy?

A

105 years

22
Q

Name two main factors that determine aging.

A

Genetic factors

environmental factors

23
Q

Chaperone ubiquitin-protease

A

phagocytize incorrectly folded protein

24
Q

Exposure to exogenous materials can accentuate aging by what process?

A

Intracellular accumulations exogenous materials

25
Q

Define anthracosis.

A

carbon pigment in lung

26
Q

Where do carbon pigments circulate to?

A

hilar lymph nodes

27
Q

List 6 examples of intracellular accumulations.

A 
lipofuscin
melanin
iron
calcium
fat
bilirubin
28
Q

Chronic cor pulmonale is characterized by

A

dilated and hypertrophied ventricle

29
Q

Multiple transfusions lead to what type of deposition?

A

hemosiderin deposition

30
Q

Where does hemosiderin deposition occur?

A

kupfer cells of the liver

31
Q

What is hemosiderosis?

A

excess deposits of iron

32
Q

What controls calcium levels?

A

parathyroid

33
Q

Differentiate between metastatic calcification and dystrophic calcification.

A

Metastic - occurs in normal tissue

Dystrophic - occurs in dead or injured tissue

34
Q

Liver will undergo a fatty metamorphisis due to:

A

fatty meal
alcoholism
obesity

35
Q

What is bilirubin an accumulation of? due to?

A

bile salt due to occlusion of hepatic duct or common bile duct

36
Q

A patient with chronic cough and a 2 pack smoker for the past 30 years. Biopsy shows squamous metaplasia. What is the most appropriate interpretation?

A

irritant effect (metaplasia)

cancer - neoplasia

37
Q

Man in involved in MVA. Left femoral artery is lacerated. Hematocrit is 12%. Which of the following tissues is most likely to withstand the impact?

A

skeletal muscle

38
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

volume of RBCs in blood

39
Q

End of normal menstrual cycle, the endometrium sloughs. Exam shows cellular fragmentation. What triggers upregulation of BCL2 in these endometrial cells?

A

decreased estrogen

CMBM 3 (28 decks)

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