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CMBM 3 > Humoral Immune Response > Flashcards

Humoral Immune Response Flashcards

1
Q

List the 5 classes of immunoglobins.

A

IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD

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2
Q

What are the properties and functions of IgM?

A
  • pentamer
  • **fixes complement
  • first Ig made by fetus and B cells
  • high avidity, low affinity
  • present in colostrum and mother’s milk (but does not cross the placenta)
  • may or may not be produced during secondary immune response
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3
Q

What type of receptors on phagocytes binds IgM?

A

Fc receptors

-activates complement

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4
Q

What are the properties and functions of IgG?

A
  • monomer
  • major serum Ig (most abundant isotype in serum)
  • major immunoglobulin of secondary immune response
  • **is transported across the placenta
  • fixes the complement
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5
Q

What is the major immunoglobulin of the secondary immune response?

A

IgG

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6
Q

List the four sub-classes of IgG and how they are acquired.

A 
Cg1
Cg2
Cg3
Cg4
the differences are different constant regions of the heavy chain
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7
Q

Why does IgG have a longer lasting immune response?

A

memory

affinity maturation

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8
Q

Which Ig can be transported across the placenta?

A

IgG

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9
Q

Which Ig’s can fix the complement?

A

IgM

IgG

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10
Q

Which Ig’s are opsonins?

A

IgM

IgG

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11
Q

What two forms does IgA exist?

A

IgA1 - monomeric

IgA2 - dimeric

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12
Q

Where is IgA found?

A 
in serum and body secretions:
tears
saliva
gastric secretions
pulmonary secretions
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13
Q

What two Igs are present in colostrum and mother’s milk?

A

IgA

IgM

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14
Q

What is the purpose of IgE? structure?

A
  • Fc receptor binds to basophils & mast cells causing degranulation
  • parasitic infections (Helminths)
    structure: monomer
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15
Q

What is an important mediator in the granules?

A

histamine

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16
Q

What does histamine do?

A

increases vascular permeability which creates edema, hives

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17
Q

Where is IgD found? structure?

A

-on membrane of mature B cells (like IgM)

structure - monomer

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18
Q

What type of organisms activate the humoral response?

A

extracellular organisms

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19
Q

What are the phases of humoral response?

A

-B cell gets activated by one antigen
- B cell undergoes clonal expansion and differentiation
Two types (plasma & memory B cells)

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20
Q

Which chains on the B cell undergo rearrangement?

A

heavy chains

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21
Q

Which chain undergoes class switching?

A

heavy

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22
Q

Which chromosome is the heavy chain found? light chain?

A

heavy - chromosome 14
Light
- chromosome 2 (kappa)
- chromosome 22 (lamda)

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23
Q

How do we change immunoglobulins?

A

triggers which cause class switching: changing of the constant regions

24
Q

Distinguish between primary and secondary antibody responses.

A

Primary

  • 5-10 day lag
  • peak response is smaller
  • IgM> IgG
  • lower affinity

Secondary

  • 1-3 day lag
  • peak response is larger
  • IgG (IgA, IgE if heavy chain isotype switching)
  • higher affinity
25
IgG has a higher (avidity/affinity)?
affinity
26
IgM has a higher (avidity/affinity)?
avidity
27
Which segment gets deleted in class switching?
c segments
28
Which B cells are T-dependent?
follicular B cells
29
Which B cells are T-independent?
Marginal zone B cells | B1 B cells
30
Which B cells are able to class switch?
T-dependent follicular b cells
31
T-independent B cells are mainly what type of Ig?
IgM | short lived
32
Where will you find the CD5 marker?
B-1 B cell; not specific
33
T dependent activation is due to a CD40 ligand binding to a B cell's ___.
CD40
34
What type of antigen is present when class switching is activated?
protein antigens
35
What type of antigen is present in T-independent activation?
polysaccharides, nucleic acid, lipids
36
In what part of the spleen will B cells be?
white pulp
37
After a splenectomy, an individual will be susceptible to which organism?
Strep pneumo
38
What is Hyper IgM syndrome?
- can only produce IgM | - results from mutations affecting class switching
39
What recognition is required between a Tcell and Bcell for class switching?
Cd40L - CD40 CD28/B7 (CD 88) Th1 releases cytokines IL4 / IL4R ----clonal expansion IL5 ---differentiation
40
What would you expect if a Tcell did not have CD40 ligand?
- repeated chronic infections - elevated IgM but no class switching - no secondary response available
41
What happens when FasL is activated?
cell undergoes apoptosis | -important if there was a defective FasL (lymphoproliferative syndrome)
42
What are the three pathways of the complement cascade?
``` Classical Pathway (antigen antibody complex) MB-Lectin Pathway (lectin binding on pathogen surface, ) Alternative Pathway (polysaccharides found on bacterial cell wall) ```
43
How are the complement cascades different?
activation is different
44
Where are complements produced?
liver; problems with liver can give you complement problems
45
Which complement protein has 3 subunits?
C1q C1r C1s
46
Describe the process of the classical pathway.
1. Once antibody is bound to antigen, a receptor will bind to C1q. Once complex is bound to C1q, it will activate C1r and then C1s. 2. Activates C2 and C4. Cleaves subunits C2a, C2b, C4a, C4b 3. C4b and C2b will make C3 convertase. 4. C3 is cleaved. C3b, C4b, C2b make C5 convertase. 5. C5 cleaved and then C6-9 are added to make MAC complex.
47
Describe the process of the lectin pathway.
1. Mannose binding lectin causes C4 and C2 cleavage. 2. C4b and C2b will make C3 convertase. 3. C3 is cleaved. C3b, C4b and C2b make C5 convertase. 4. C5 cleaved and then C6-9 added to make the MAC complex.
48
Which components of the complement pathways are inflammatory mediators?
C3a | C5a
49
Describe the process of the alternative pathway.
1. Activated by non-protein antigens. in the presence of Factor D, Factor B will be activated 2. C3b and Bb will make C3 Convertase 2. C3 will be cleaved 3. C3b, Bb, and C3b will make C5 convertase 4. C5 cleaved and then C6-9 added to make a MAC complex
50
What is the function of the complement?
- phagocytosis and killing of microbe - osmotic lysis of microbe - destruction of microbes by leukocytes
51
What is the biological function of C2b?
- prokinin | - associate with edema & cough
52
What is the biological function of C3a?
anaphylotoxin
53
What is the biological function of C3b or C4b?
opsonin - promotes phagocytosis
54
Where are CR1 found?
B cells phagocytes RBS follicular dendritic cells
55
Where are CR2 found?
Bcells | epithelial
56
Where are CR3 and CR4 found?
phagocytes
57
How do bacteria evade the humoral immune response?
- form different antigens - inhibition of complement activation - resistance to phagocytosis

CMBM 3 (28 decks)

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