Maintaining Body Temperature (Ectotherms And Endotherms) Flashcards

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0
Q

❗️What is the response:

Of the sweat glands in the skin if the body temperature is too high?

A

They secrete more sweat onto the skin.

The water in the sweat evaporates, using heat from the blood to supply latent heat of vaporisation.

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1
Q

What is an endotherm?

A

An organisms which can use physiological mechanisms to regulate internal body temperature, independently of the external environment!

(Shiver/Sweating)

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2
Q

❗️What is the response:

Of the sweat glands in the skin if the body temperature is too low?

A

Less sweat is secreted.

Less evaporation of water.

Less loss of latent heat.

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3
Q

❗️What is the response:

Of the lungs mouth and nose if the body temperature is too high?

A

Panting increases the evaporation of water from the lungs, tongue and other moist surfaces - using latent heat.

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4
Q

❗️What is the response:

Of the lungs mouth and nose if the body temperature is too low?

A

The animal does not pant, so less water evaporates.

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5
Q

❗️What is the response:

Of the hairs on the skin if the body temperature is too high?

A

The hairs lie flat on the skin, providing little insulation.

More heat can be lost by convection radiation.

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6
Q

❗️What is the response:

Of the hairs on the skin if the body temperature is too low?

A

The hairs are raised to trap an insulating layer of air.

Reducing the loss of heat from the skin.

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7
Q

❗️What is the response:

Of the arterioles, leading to capillaries, in the skin if the body temperature is too high?

A

Vasodilation allows more blood into capillaries near the skin surface.

More heat can be radiated from the skin.

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8
Q

❗️What is the response:

Of the arterioles, leading to capillaries, in the skin if the body temperature is too low?

A

Vasoconstriction reduces the flow of blood through capillaries near the surface of the skin.

Less heat is radiated.

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9
Q

❗️What is the response:

Of the skeletal muscles if the body temperature is too high?

A

No spontaneous contractions.

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10
Q

❗️What is the response:

Of the skeletal muscles if the body temperature is too low?

A

Spontaneous contractions i.e. shivering, generate heat as muscle cells respire more.

Thermoreceoptors stimulated by decrease in temp

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11
Q

What are the examples of behavioural mechanisms if the body temperature is too hot?

A

Moving to shade or hiding in a burrow.

Orientate body to decrease surface area exposed to the sun.

Remaining inactive

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12
Q

What are the examples of behavioural mechanisms if the body temperature is too cold?

A

Moving to sunlight.

Orientate body to increase surface area expose to the sun.

Moving about (increase activity) to generate heat in muscles.

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13
Q

What is an ectotherm?

A

An organism that relies on external sources of heat to regulate its body temperate.

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14
Q

Give examples of how ectotherms regulate body temperature:

A

Basking in the sun

Finding shade

Altering body shape

Increase breathing movements

Orientate exposed body to or away from sun.

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15
Q

How do endotherms monitor blood temperature?

A

• endotherms monitor blood temperature in the hypothalamus
• if the core temperature drops or rises it sends signals to the effectors in skin and muscles to reverse the changes
• peripheral temperature receptors monitor the extremities
• the information is fed to the thermoregulatory centre
- it signals a temperature change to the brain and can initiate behavioural mechanisms for maintaining body temperature