Kidney Failure Flashcards

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0
Q

What is haemodialysis?

A
  • in haemodialysis blood from a vein is passed into a machine that contains an artificial dialysis membrane
  • heparin is added to avoid clotting and any bubbles are removed before the blood returns to the body
  • usually carried out at a clinic 3 times a well for several hours each session
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1
Q

What is dialysis?

A
  • it removes wastes, excess fluids and salt from the blood by passing blood over a dialysis membrane
  • the dialysis membrane is a partially permeable membrane that allows the exchange of substances between the blood and dialysis fluid
  • this fluid contains the correct concentrations of salts, urea water and other substances in blood plasma
  • any substance that is in excess in the blood diffuses across the membrane into the dialysis fluid
  • any substances that are too low in concentration diffuse into the blood from the dialysis fluid
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2
Q

What is peritoneal dialysis?

A
  • in peritoneal dialysis (PD) the filter is the body’s own abdominal membrane (peritoneum)
  • a surgeon implants a permanent tube into the abdomen
  • dialysis solution is poured through the tube and fills the space between the abdominal walls and organs
  • after several hours the used solution is drained from the abdomen
  • usually performed in several consecutive daily sessions at home or work and patient can walk around having dialysis
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3
Q

What are the advantages of a kidney transplant?

A
  • freedom from time consuming dialysis
  • diet is less limited
  • feel better physically
  • a better quality of life
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4
Q

What are the disadvantages of a kidney transplant?

A

• need to take immunosuppressants
- increase susceptibility to infections
• need major surgery
- increase risk of infection, bleeding and damage to surrounding organs

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5
Q

What happens when the kidneys fail completely?

A
  • the body is unable to remove excess water and certain waste products from the blood e.g. Urea and excess salts
  • it is also unable to regulate the levels of water and salts in the body
  • death
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