macromolecules

Question 1

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 1

when monomers build a polymer by removing a water molecule

Question 2

Hydrolysis

Answer 2

polymers are disassembled by adding water to break apart the monomers

Question 3

carbohydrates

Answer 3

• Short-term energy storage
• Simple sugars quickly broken down because smaller
• Complex Carbs. broken down slower because bigger
• Chemical formula: Cx(H2O)y
• Monomer: monosaccharides (1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen)
• Polymers: disaccharides/polysaccharides
  -Starch - energy storage molecule in plants (i.e. potatoes, carrots)
  - Glycogen - energy storage molecule in animals
  - Cellulose - structure in plants that form cell walls

Question 4

lipids

Answer 4

• Long term energy storage (more concentrated)
• Hydrophobic and nonpolar
• Formula: contains only carbon, hydrogen, and few oxygen
• Monomer: 3 fatty acid chains + glycerol molecule
• Polymers: triglycerides, phospholipids, wax, steroids
• 3 Types of Fats
  
  • Saturated (bad) - no c-c double bonds, solid, straight chain
  • Unsaturated (healthy) - one or more c-c double bond, liquid, bent
  • Trans Fats

Question 5

proteins

Answer 5

• Carry out cell certain cell functions
• Form hair, muscles, fingernails, etc. and transports thing across cell membranes
• Formula: contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
• Monomer: amino acid
  
  • Amino group
  • Carboxyl Group
  • Side Group
• Polymer: polypeptides
• If a protein’s shape is altered, it will denature
• Temperature + pH can denature protein
• 4 Protein Structures
  
  • Primary - sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chain
  • Secondary - proteins fold into patterns because of hydrogen bonding between R-groups
    - Alpha helix or beta sheets
  • Tertiary Structure - proteins become 3D as amino acids fold back on itself regions of chain interact
  • Quaternary - two polypeptide chains or more interacting with each other to form a protein