digestion Flashcards
1
Q
digestion overview
A
- Functions of digestive system
- Break down carbs/proteins/lipids in foods into smaller molecules for energy (ATP)
- Absorbs nutrients and water
- Eliminates Waste - Path of Food
mouth→pharynx→esophagus→stomach→small intestine→large intestine→rectum→anus - Mechanical Digestion - physical breakdown of food (teeth)
- Chemical Digestion - when enzyme in different organs break down macromolecules so they can be reabsorbed
2
Q
organs and absoption
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
large iontestine
rectum
anus
A
- Esophagus - transports food via peristalsis (contraction of esophagus muscles)
- Stomach
- Mechanical - grounds food into smaller pieces using muscles
- Chemical - acid kills bacteria and breaks apart food cells
-Chief Cells - produces pepsinogen
- Parietal Cells - produces hydrochloric acid
- Mucus protects walls of stomach - Small Intestine - where most digestion takes place
- Absorbs nutrients from food and receives enzyme secretions from accessory organs
- Villi - (covered in microvilli for surface area) rapidly absorbs nutrients through capillaries and most products are done being absorbed here - Liver (accessory)
- Converts glucose in blood and to glycogen and stores it
- Produces bile to breakdown fats - Gallbladder (accessory) - Stores bile and releases it into small intestine
- Bile breaks down lipids
- Pancreas (accessory) - Secretes enzymes to break things down
- Large Intestine - takes undigested material, and converts it into feces
- Excess water is reabsorbed
- Rectum - where feces is stored before eliminated
- Anus - where feces is eliminated
3
Q
digestion and secreation summary
mouth
stomach
small intestine
A
- Mouth - begins digestion of starches through salivary amylase
- Stomach
- Continues digestion of starches
- Begins digestion of proteins through pepsin enzymes
- Small Intestine
- Finishes digestion of starches
- Finishes digestion of proteins
- Begins and finishes digestion of lipids
