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Anatomy II > M31: Endocrine System Overview > Flashcards

M31: Endocrine System Overview Flashcards

1
Q

name the 5 endocrine only glands

A
  • pituitary gland
  • pineal gland
  • parathyroid glands
  • thyroid gland
  • adrenal glands
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2
Q

“master gland” of the body

A

pituitary gland

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3
Q

“master gland”

A

pituitary gland

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4
Q

pineal gland location + function

A

part of epithalamus
- secretes melatonin (helps with circadian rhytm)

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5
Q

thyroid gland location + function

A

surrounds trachea
- regulate metabolism

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6
Q

parathyroid glands location + function

A

back of thyroid gland
- regulate ion levels in blood, specifically Ca2+

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7
Q

adrenal gland location + function

A

top of kidneys
- release hormones apart of ANS
- releases ALDOSTERONE (regulates ion concentration in kidney tubules)

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8
Q

endocrine vs exocrine glands

A

EXOCRINE
- secrete products into ducts that empty into body cavities or surfaces
ENDOCRINE
- secrete products (hormones) into interstitial bloodstream

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9
Q

name other organs that secrete hormones as a second function

A
  • hypothalamus
  • thymus
  • stomach, liver, pancreas, kidneys, small intestine
  • ovaries, testes, placenta
  • heart
  • skin
  • adipose tissue
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10
Q

4 general functions of hormones

A
  1. Help regulate
    - Interstitial fluid composition
    - metabolism
    - blood glucose
    - contraction of cardiac and smooth muscle
    - immune functions
  2. Growth and development
  3. Regulate reproductive systems
  4. Circadian rhythms
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11
Q

Target organs for specific hormones are determined by…

A

the specific type of receptor on the target tissue

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12
Q

down-regulation and up-regulation of hormones

A

DOWN: excess hormone causes a decrease in # of receptors -> decreased sensitivity
UP: deficiency of hormone causes an increase in the # of receptors -> increased sensitivity

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13
Q

circulating vs local hormones

A

CIRCULATING
- act on distant targets
- travel in blood

LOCAL
- PARACRINES: act on neighbouring cells
- AUTOCRINES: act on same cell (or cells like it) that secrete them

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14
Q

where do water soluble vs lipid soluble hormones bind onto cells?

A

water - cell surface
lipid - inside the cell

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15
Q

how may cells respond to hormone binding?
(5 ways)

A
  • synthesis of new molecules
  • changing permeability of cell membrane
  • transport substance in/out of cell
  • altering metabolic actions
  • causing contraction of smooth muscle
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16
Q

what mechanisms regulate hormone secretion?

A
  • signals from nervous system
  • chemical changes in blood
  • other hormones
17
Q

most hormone regulation is achieved by _____ feedback

A

negative

18
Q

T/F: secretion of hormones occurs in short bursts

A

true!

19
Q

pituitary gland location

A

brain, attached to hypothalamus via the INFUNDIBULUM

20
Q

thymus stucture + function

A
  • endocrine and other function
  • part of lymphatic system, helps with immune function, specifically maturing WBCs
21
Q

endocrine function of the lungs

A

releases ACE enzyme, part of the renin angiotensin pathway

21
Q

endocrine function of the heart

A

releases atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
which helps to regulate blood pressure

22
Q

endocrine function of the stomach

A

releases GASTRIN into blood, regulates gastrointestinal function

23
Q

endocrine function of liver

A

produces angiotensinogen, precurser for angiotensin II

24
Q

endocrine function of pancreas

A

produces insulin and glucagon

25
Q

endocrine function of small intestine

A

secretes CCK and secretin

26
Q

endocrine function of the kidneys

A

produce rennin (a part of the rennin-angiotensin pathway)

27
Q

endocrine function of skin

A

produces vitamin D

28
Q

endocrine function of ovaries and testes

A

produce sex hormones for the body

29
Q

why can one hormone have different effects on different tissues?

A

different target tissues have different receptors that are linked to specific actions inside the cell

30
Q

paracrine hormones

A

local, act on neighbouring cells

31
Q

autocrine hormones

A

local, act on the same cell that produces it

Anatomy II (34 decks)

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