M29: Female Reproductive System Flashcards
external female reproductive system
collectively known as the vuvla
- MONS PUBIS: adipose tissue that covers pubis symphysis
- CLITORIS
- LABIUM MAJUS (plural: LABIA MAJORIS)
- LABIA MINORA/MINUS
hormones produced by the ovaries
- estrogen (many types)
- progesterone
- inhibin
- relaxin
functions of the ovaries
- produce hormones
- produce gametes, secondary oocytes
ovary histology
Superficial to deep:
- GERMINAL EPITHELIUM (squamous to low cuboidal)
- TUNICA ALBUGINEA (dense irregular CT, also common to male reproductive system)
- OVARIAN CORTEX (follicles and stromal cells
follicle=oocytes+supporting cells, stromal cell=fibroblast
- OVARIAN MEDULLA(blood/lymphatic vessels, nerves, CT)
diploid stem cell name in females
OOGONIUM
development of oogonium from birth to puberty
- millions of oogonium before birth
- around 200 000 turn to primary oocytes after birth
- puberty: only ~40 000 primary ooctyes left
- only 400 mature into secondary oocytes
atresia
degradation of primary oocytes before puberty
draw development stages from oogonium to zygote
pull out your white board!!
region where blood and nerves vessels enter ovary
hilum
primordial follicle
dormant primary oocytes surrounded by tissue, hormones released at puberty release them
primary follicle
- after puberty, cells surrounding primary oocyte build and develop
stages of follicular development
PRIMORDIAL
- primordial follicles hold dormant primary oocytes
PRIMARY
- hormones trigger release of primordial follicle, now called a primary follicle. Supporting cells develop
SECONDARY
- supporting cells create a fluid filled (follicular fluid) chamber around oocyte
MATURE (graafian)
- primary oocyte divides into secondary oocyte
- supporting cells fully developed
OVULATION
- oocyte released from follicle
corpus luteum
- remnant of the mature follicle after it has pushed through ovary
- fills in with hormone secreting cells
label stages of oogenesis alongside follicular development
whiteboard time!
corpus hemorrhagicum
ruptured follicle
-tissue left over right after oocyte breaks out of follice
*NOT corpus luteum -> this is when the ruptured cells merge together
corpus luteum
cells from ruptured follicle that have merged together
name epithelial layers in uterus from superficial to deep
Germinal epithelium
Tunica Albuginea
Ovarian cortex
Ovarian Medulla
corpus albicans
degenerated corpus albicans
(leftover scar tissue that stays in the ovaries)
where is follicular fluid first produced?
secondary follicles
structures in primordial follicle
- primary oocyte
- follicular cells
- basement membrane
- stromal cells
- collagen fibers
structures in primary follicle
- primary oocyte
- zona pellucida
- GRANULOSA CELLS (multiplied follicular cells)
- basement membrane
- collagen fibers
- THECA FOLLICULI (organized stromal cells)
structures in secondary follicle
- primary oocyte
- zona pellucide
- CORONA RADIATA (originally were some granulosa cells)
- granulosa cells (secreting FOLLICULAR FLUID creating a space called the ANTRUM)
- basement membrane
Theca folliculi:
THECA EXTERNA: collagen fibres, stromal cells
THECA INTERNA: cuboidal cells, highly vascular, secretes estrogen
structures in mature (graafian) follicle
same as secondary follicle, but antrum much larger
Female reproductive system functions
- OVARIES produce secondary oocytes and hormones
- UTERINE TUBES transport oocyte to uterus
- UTERUS is site of implantation of fertilized ovum, development of fetus
- VAGINA is passageway for intercourse and childbirth
- MAMMARY GLANDS produce milk for newborns
3 main regions of uterine tubes
INFUNDIBULUM
- near the ovary
AMPULLA
- central region
ISTHMUS
- narrowest point, joins uterus
Fimbriae
“fingers” of uterine tube
histology of uterine tube (3 layers)
- MUCOSA
- ciliated columnar and peg cells (microvilli, secrete nutritious fluid) - MUSCULARIS
- inner thick & outer thin longitudinal smooth muscle (peristalsis) - SEROSA
