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M2: Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What is meant by Cell Ultrastructure?

A

The fine structure of a cell that can be seen at very high magnification & resolution

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2
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What are Organelles?

They allow for compartmentalisation of function within the cell

A

Subcellular structure that have a specific function within the cell.

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3
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What is the structure of an Animal Cell?

A
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4
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

Plant Cell

A
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5
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What is the advantage of compartmentalisation?

DIfferent organelles in cell

A

Different chemical reactions to occur in organised manner rather than all occurring in the cytoplasm

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6
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What are Eukaryotes?

A

Multicellular organism with DNA bound to its nucleus

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7
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What are Prokaryotes?

A

Singlecellular organism with DNA free in the cytoplasm as giant loops

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8
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Nucleus

What is the function of the Nucleus?

Controls cell activity

A

Retains the genetic material of the cell in the form of DNA

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9
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Nucleus

What is the Nuclear Envelope?

A

Double membrane that surrounds DNA

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10
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Nucleus

What are Nuclear Pores?

A

Pores in nuclear membrane that allow entry & exit of substances

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11
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Nucleus

What is the Chromatin?

A

Strings of DNA wrapped around histone proteins

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12
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Nucleus

What is the function of the Nucleolus?

A

Synthesis of RNA & ribosomes

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13
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Chloroplasts

What are the Chloroplasts?

A

Site of photosynthesis

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14
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Chloroplasts

What is the Chloroplast Envelope?

A

Double membrane that sorrounds chloroplasts

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15
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Chloroplasts

What are Thylakoid?

A

Stacks of membranes containing chlorophyll

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16
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Chloroplasts

What is Granum (Grana)?

A

Several stacked thylakoids

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17
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Chloroplasts

What is the Stroma?

A

Thick fluid within chloroplasts

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18
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Mitochondrion

What is the function of the Mitochondrion?

Site of aerobic respiration

A

ATP production

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19
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Mitochondrion

What is the Mitochondrion Membrane?

A

Double membrane that sorrounds mitochondria

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20
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Mitochondrion

What are the Cristae?

A

Folded inner membrane

21
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Mitochondrion

What is the Matrix?

A

Fluid within mitochondria

22
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What is the function of the Cytoplasm?

Contains the organelles

A

Site of chemical reactions

  • Contains insoluble molecules that store energy
23
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What is the function of the RER?

Protein synthesis (translation)

A

Folds & processes proteins

24
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What is the function of the SER?

A

Lipid synthesis & storage

25
# **2.1.1 Cell Structure:** What are Cisternae?
Sac-like **flattened structures**
26
# **2.1.1 Cell Structure:** What are Vesicles?
**Spherical** structures that transport substances
27
# **2.1.1 Cell Structure:** What are Tubules?
**Branches** that **connect cisternae** & **vesicles**
28
# **2.1.1 Cell Structure:** What is the function of the Ribosomes
Where proteins are made * **80**S type = **eukaryotic** * **70**S type = **prokaryotic**
29
# **2.1.1 Cell Structure:** What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
**Processes** & **packages** new **lipids** & **proteins** * makes **lysosomes**
30
# **2.1.1 Cell Structure:** What is the function of the Lysosomes?
Contains **digestive enzyme** * used to digest invading cells * used to break down worn out components of cells
31
# **2.1.1 Cell Structure:** What is the function of the Cilia? | Microtubules allow cillia to move
**Move substances** along **cell surface**
32
# **2.1.1 Cell Structure:** What is the function of Centrioles?
Involved in **seperation of chromosomes** during **cell division**
33
# **2.1.1 Cell Structure:** What is the function of the Cellulose Cell Wall?
Provides strength & support * **Pores** filled with **cytoplasm** between adjacent cells (**plasmodesmata**) allow **movement of materials between cells**
34
# **2.1.1 Cell Structure:** What is the function of Vacuoles?
Maintains **cell stability**
35
# **2.1.1 Cell Structure:** Cytoskeleton What is the Cytoskeleton?
**Network** of **protein** structures in **cytoplasm** used to maintain shape & stability
36
# **2.1.1 Cell Structure:** Cytoskeleton What is the funcion of Micro Filaments?
Give **support** & **strength**
37
# **2.1.1 Cell Structure:** Cytoskeleton What are Micro-Filaments made up of?
Actin
38
# **2.1.1 Cell Structure:** Cytoskeleton What is the function of Microtubules?
Provide **shape** & **support** & **help transport substances/organelles** eg. vesicles
39
# **2.1.1 Cell Structure:** Cytoskeleton What are Microtubules made of?
Tubulin
40
# **2.1.1 Cell Structure:** Cytoskeleton What is the function of Intermediate Filaments?
**Anchor nucleus** & **extend between cells** for cell **signalling**
41
# **2.1.1 Cell Structure:** What is the function of the Plasma Membrane?
**Regulates movement** of **substances** in & out of cell
42
# **2.1.1 Cell Structure:** Prokaryotes What is the function of the Flagellum? | May be more than 1
**Contracts** for locomotion (**movement**)
43
# **2.1.1 Cell Structure:** Prokaryotes What is Nuclear Material in Prokaryotes?
Consists of a **large circle** of **DNA**
44
# **2.1.1 Cell Structure:** Prokaryotes Whats the Nucleoid in Prokaryotes?
General area **where DNA lies**
45
# **2.1.1 Cell Structure:** Prokaryotes What is the function of the Capsule in Prokaryotes?
**Protects** organism from **detection**
46
# **2.1.1 Cell Structure:** Prokaryotes What is the Cell Wall made up of in Prokaryotes?
**Peptidoglycan**
47
# **2.1.1 Cell Structure:** Prokaryotes What is the function of Mesosome in Prokaryotes? | Infolding of cell surface membrane
Involved in **cell wall formation** - Produces ATP
48
# **2.1.1 Cell Structure:** Prokaryotes What are Plasmid in Prokaryotes?
**Small circular** pieces of **DNA**
49
# **2.1.1 Cell Structure:** Structure of a generalised bacterial cell What are Pilli in Prokaryotes? | Hair like projection
**Attachment** for other cells

Biology (14 decks)

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