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Biology > M2: Cell Structure > Flashcards

M2: Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What is meant by Cell Ultrastructure?

A

The fine structure of a cell that can be seen at very high magnification & resolution

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2
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What are Organelles?

They allow for compartmentalisation of function within the cell

A

Subcellular structure that have a specific function within the cell.

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3
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What is the structure of an Animal Cell?

A
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4
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

Plant Cell

A
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5
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What is the advantage of compartmentalisation?

DIfferent organelles in cell

A

Different chemical reactions to occur in organised manner rather than all occurring in the cytoplasm

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6
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What are Eukaryotes?

A

Multicellular organism with DNA bound to its nucleus

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7
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What are Prokaryotes?

A

Singlecellular organism with DNA free in the cytoplasm as giant loops

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8
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Nucleus

What is the function of the Nucleus?

Controls cell activity

A

Retains the genetic material of the cell in the form of DNA

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9
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Nucleus

What is the Nuclear Envelope?

A

Double membrane that surrounds DNA

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10
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Nucleus

What are Nuclear Pores?

A

Pores in nuclear membrane that allow entry & exit of substances

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11
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Nucleus

What is the Chromatin?

A

Strings of DNA wrapped around histone proteins

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12
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Nucleus

What is the function of the Nucleolus?

A

Synthesis of RNA & ribosomes

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13
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Chloroplasts

What are the Chloroplasts?

A

Site of photosynthesis

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14
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Chloroplasts

What is the Chloroplast Envelope?

A

Double membrane that sorrounds chloroplasts

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15
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Chloroplasts

What are Thylakoid?

A

Stacks of membranes containing chlorophyll

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16
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Chloroplasts

What is Granum (Grana)?

A

Several stacked thylakoids

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17
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Chloroplasts

What is the Stroma?

A

Thick fluid within chloroplasts

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18
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Mitochondrion

What is the function of the Mitochondrion?

Site of aerobic respiration

A

ATP production

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19
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Mitochondrion

What is the Mitochondrion Membrane?

A

Double membrane that sorrounds mitochondria

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20
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Mitochondrion

What are the Cristae?

A

Folded inner membrane

21
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: The Mitochondrion

What is the Matrix?

A

Fluid within mitochondria

22
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What is the function of the Cytoplasm?

Contains the organelles

A

Site of chemical reactions

  • Contains insoluble molecules that store energy
23
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What is the function of the RER?

Protein synthesis (translation)

A

Folds & processes proteins

24
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What is the function of the SER?

A

Lipid synthesis & storage

25
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What are Cisternae?

A

Sac-like flattened structures

26
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What are Vesicles?

A

Spherical structures that transport substances

27
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What are Tubules?

A

Branches that connect cisternae & vesicles

28
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What is the function of the Ribosomes

A

Where proteins are made

  • 80S type = eukaryotic
  • 70S type = prokaryotic
29
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

A

Processes & packages new lipids & proteins
* makes lysosomes

30
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What is the function of the Lysosomes?

A

Contains digestive enzyme
* used to digest invading cells
* used to break down worn out components of cells

31
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What is the function of the Cilia?

Microtubules allow cillia to move

A

Move substances along cell surface

32
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What is the function of Centrioles?

A

Involved in seperation of chromosomes during cell division

33
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What is the function of the Cellulose Cell Wall?

A

Provides strength & support
* Pores filled with cytoplasm between adjacent cells (plasmodesmata) allow movement of materials between cells

34
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What is the function of Vacuoles?

A

Maintains cell stability

35
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: Cytoskeleton

What is the Cytoskeleton?

A

Network of protein structures in cytoplasm used to maintain shape & stability

36
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: Cytoskeleton

What is the funcion of Micro Filaments?

A

Give support & strength

37
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: Cytoskeleton

What are Micro-Filaments made up of?

A

Actin

38
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: Cytoskeleton

What is the function of Microtubules?

A

Provide shape & support & help transport substances/organelles eg. vesicles

39
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: Cytoskeleton

What are Microtubules made of?

A

Tubulin

40
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: Cytoskeleton

What is the function of Intermediate Filaments?

A

Anchor nucleus & extend between cells for cell signalling

41
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure:

What is the function of the Plasma Membrane?

A

Regulates movement of substances in & out of cell

42
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: Prokaryotes

What is the function of the Flagellum?

May be more than 1

A

Contracts for locomotion (movement)

43
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: Prokaryotes

What is Nuclear Material in Prokaryotes?

A

Consists of a large circle of DNA

44
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: Prokaryotes

Whats the Nucleoid in Prokaryotes?

A

General area where DNA lies

45
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: Prokaryotes

What is the function of the Capsule in Prokaryotes?

A

Protects organism from detection

46
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: Prokaryotes

What is the Cell Wall made up of in Prokaryotes?

A

Peptidoglycan

47
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: Prokaryotes

What is the function of Mesosome in Prokaryotes?

Infolding of cell surface membrane

A

Involved in cell wall formation
- Produces ATP

48
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: Prokaryotes

What are Plasmid in Prokaryotes?

A

Small circular pieces of DNA

49
Q

2.1.1 Cell Structure: Structure of a generalised bacterial cell

What are Pilli in Prokaryotes?

Hair like projection

A

Attachment for other cells

Biology (14 decks)

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