M - Theories of Forgetting

Question 1

what are the different explanations for forgetting

Answer 1

• proactive interference
• retroactive interference
• retrieval failure due to absence of cues

Question 2

what is proactive interference

Answer 2

when old information in the LTM interferes with the learning of new info

Question 3

what is retroactive interference

Answer 3

the learning of new information interferes with the recall of old information in the LTM

Question 4

evaluation for interference theories

Answer 4

+ results of Baddeley and Hitch were supported by other researchers
- only provides an insight into one type of forgetting

Question 5

research into retroactive interference (B+H)

Answer 5

A: interference in everyday memory
M: sample of rugby players who played every match in the season and a some players who missed games due to injury, asked to recall the names of teams they had played against
R: players who had played the most games forgot more games

Question 6

research into proactive interference

Answer 6

A: the effect of proactive. interference on the LTM
M: pts were presented meaningless 3 letter consonant trigrams at intervals and had to recall them
R: pts could remember the trigrams that were presented first, irrespective of the interval length

Question 7

what are the types of dependent forgetting

Answer 7

• state dependent
• context dependent

Question 8

what does the encoding specificity principle say

Answer 8

memory is most effective when information that was present at the time of coding is also present at the time of recall

Question 9

what did Tulving and Thomson say (1973)

Answer 9

• encoding specificity principle
• environmental cues and mental cues aid recall

Question 10

research into context dependent forgetting - Godden and Baddeley (1975)

Answer 10

• university diving club had 4 conditions
• Learn on the beach, recall on the beach - best recall
• Learn on the beach, recall in the water
• Learn in the water, recall in the water - best recall
• Learn in the water, recall on the beach
• the best results occur when conditions were the same

Question 11

research into state dependent forgetting - Carter and Cassidy (1998)

Answer 11

• examined forgetting when using anti-histamine drugs
• when learning and recall state matched memory was improved

Question 12

evaluation of Godden and Baddeley C-DF

Answer 12

• didn’t control other variables, cannot determine cause and effect relationship
• divers may have displayed demand characteristics
• broke ethical guidelines

Question 13

evaluation of S-DF, Carter and Cassidy

Answer 13

+ research to support the effect of S-DF, Goodwin et al. , Darley et al.
- difficult to determine cause and effect relationship