BP - Plasticity and function Flashcards

1
Q

what is plasticity

A

the brain’s tendency to change and adapt as a result of experience and new learning

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2
Q

how long does our brain change for

A

until our 40s

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3
Q

what did Maguire et al (2000) discover

A
  • brains of London cab drivers show an enlarged hippocampus
  • the longer they had done the job, the more pronounced the structural difference was
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4
Q

what it Draganski et al (2004) discover

A
  • 24 participants (21F, 3M)
  • had an MRI before and after learning to juggle
  • jugglers had grey matter at the end of the study compared to the control group
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5
Q

what did Mechelli et al (2004) discover

A
  • larger parietal lobe in bilingual people
  • suggests plasticity as the brain had adapted with learning multiple languages
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6
Q

research supporting brain plasticity

A
  • Maguire et al (2000)
  • Brangski et al (2004)
  • Mechelli et al (2004)
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7
Q

what is functional recovery

A

after trauma, unaffected areas of the brain can adapt and compensate for damaged areas

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8
Q

what are structural changes of the brain that can occur in functional recovery

A
  • axonal sprouting
  • reformation of new blood vessels
  • recruitment of homologous areas
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9
Q

what is axonal sprouting

A

growth of new nerve endings which connect with undamaged to create new neural pathways

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10
Q

what is recruitment of homologous areas

A

recruiting similar areas on the opposite side of the brain to perform specific tasks

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11
Q

how is Gabby Giffords evidence for functional recovery

A
  • she was shot in the head from point blank range in 2011 and sent into a coma
  • with aid of physical rehab, she was able to walk with perfect control of her left arm and leg
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12
Q

how is Jodie Miller evidence for functional recovery

A
  • had the right side of her brain removed to treat severe epilepsy
  • her left hemisphere took control of her whole body while the right side of her cranium was filled with cerebral fluid
  • she was able to function normally
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13
Q

✓ there are practical applications in the contribution…

A

to the field of neurohabilitation
- with assistance of movement therapy and electrical stimulation the brain can recover but needs support

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14
Q

X negative plasticity can occur causing…

A

dangerous conditions such as phantom limb syndrome (60-80% of amputees develop it)
- links to cortical reorganisation in the somatosensory area

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15
Q

X research into this include animal studies

A

Hubel and Wiesel (1963) sewed the eyes of kittens shut to analyse cortical responses
- unethical and should not be applied to humans

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