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A LEVEL PSYCH > KA - 6 Psychodynamic Approach > Flashcards

KA - 6 Psychodynamic Approach Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 3 parts of the personality

A

id, ego, superego

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2
Q

characteristics of the id

A
  • emerges at birth
  • it controls unconscious instinct
  • links to selfish behaviour and demands instant gratification of its needs
  • operates on pleasure principle
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3
Q

characteristics of the ego

A
  • emerges at around 2 years of age
  • reduces the conflict between the demands of the id and the superego
  • it employs defence mechanisms
  • operates on the reality principle
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4
Q

characteristics of the superego

A
  • emerges at the end of the phallic stage at the age of 5/6
  • controls our internalised sense of right and wrong
  • links to behaviours of guilt
  • operates on the morality principle
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5
Q

what are the 3 levels of the mind

A

conscious, pre-conscious and unconscious

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6
Q

what are defence mechanisms

A

unconscious strategies that the Ego uses to manage the conflict between the Id and the Superego - designed to protect the ego

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7
Q

what are the 3 defence mechanisms

A

denial, displacement, repression

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8
Q

what is denial

A

refusing to acknowledge some aspect of reality

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9
Q

what is displacement

A

transferring feelings from the true source of distressing emotion onto substitute/safer target

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10
Q

what is repression

A

forcing a distressing memory out of the mind

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11
Q

what is in your conscious mind

A

the things you are aware of

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12
Q

what is in the preconscious mind

A

things you are slightly aware of or worrying about like dreams

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13
Q

what is in the unconscious mind

A

‘seething mass of trauma’, thoughts we don’t want in our everyday life

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14
Q

what are the five psychosexual stages

A
  • oral
  • anal
  • phallic
  • latency
  • genital
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15
Q

features of the oral stage

A
  • ages 0-1 years
  • focus of pleasure is of the mouth, objects like mother’s breast and dummies
  • smoking, nail biting, sarcasm and criticism are behaviours of fixation
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16
Q

features of the anal stage

A
  • 1-3 years of age
  • focus of pleasure is the anus, child gains pleasure from withholding and expelling faeces (control over when they go)
  • anal retentive/expulsive are behaviours of fixation
17
Q

features of the phallic stage

A
  • 3-6 years of age
  • focus of pleasure is genital area not for a sexual purpose
  • boys experience oedipus complex
  • behaviour of fixation is being overly vain and sexually aggressive
18
Q

what is the Oedipus complex

A

boys internalising and identifying with their fathers gender from castration anxiety - leads to gender identities

19
Q

what is a pre-phallic child

A

bisexual - does not have a gender identity

20
Q

features of latency stage

A
  • 6-13 years of age
  • don’t have a focus of pleasure, focus more on friendships
  • dormant stage
  • “calm before the storm of puberty”
21
Q

features of the genital stage

A
  • 13-onwards age
  • genital focus of pleasure for a sexual purpose
  • behaviour of fixation is difficulty forming heterosexual relationships
22
Q

what happens if you get fixated in a stage

A

it will show in your adult personality

23
Q

+ benefits of practical application

A
  • uses psychotherapy like counselling as he believes talking can unlock the unconscious mind
  • this allows for treating the cause and not just the symptom
24
Q

+ benefits of emphasis on importance of the mind

A
  • saying you can be physically healthy but mentally unhealthy
  • potentially could have been ahead of his time
25
Q

+ benefit of acknowledgment

A
  • he acknowledges that childhood experience can shape your later behaviours - nature vs. nurture
26
Q
  • limitations of it being unscientific
A
  • information from a single case study of Little Hans which was subjective interpretation
27
Q
  • limitations of gender bias
A
  • only considers boys in his research so it only applies to half the population
  • he has no explanation of women in phallic stage, saw femininity as failed masculinity, penis = power
28
Q
  • limitations of it being unobservable/unfalsifiable
A
  • cannot prove it is right or wrong but science wants falsification
  • Karl Popper argued that the approach does not meet the scientific criteria of falsification - more of a Pseudoscience
29
Q
  • limitations of it not considering biology
A
  • ages come with stages, people develop at different times - individual differences can create panic within parents
30
Q

other limitations

A
  • sexualisies children
  • psychoanalysis can be inappropriate for people with more serious disorders like schizophrenia

A LEVEL PSYCH (15 decks)

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