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Haem > lymphoma > Flashcards

lymphoma Flashcards

1
Q

what are features of a lymphoma?

A

lymphadenopathy (lump)
B symptoms - fever, night sweats, weight loss
itch without rash, alcohol induced pain

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2
Q

what investigations are used?

A

CT and PET scan

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3
Q

what else could be used?

A

immunohistochemistry (brown = positive)

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4
Q

what test is prognostic?

A

LDH

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5
Q

what staging is used?

A

Ann Arbor staging

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6
Q

what are the two categories of lymphoma?

A

Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s

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7
Q

what causes Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

proliferation of lymphocytes (B cells)w

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8
Q

what are risk factors of Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

immunosuppression e.g. HIV, inherited immunodeficiency states
autoimmune disorders e.g. RA, sarcoidosis
EBV
FHx

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9
Q

what are a few notable Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas?

A

Burkitt
MALT
diffuse large B cell
follicular

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10
Q

what is Burkitt’s lymphoma associated with?

A

EBV, malaria and HIV

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11
Q

what genetic mutation causes Burkitt’s lymphoma?

A

translocation of chromosome 8 and 14

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12
Q

what does MALT lymphoma affect?

A

mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue usually around stomach - associated with H. pylori infection

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13
Q

how does diffuse large B cell lymphoma present?

A

rapidly growing painless mass in patients >65

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14
Q

what genetic mutation is associated with follicular lymphoma and what does it increase?

A

translocation of chromosome 14 and 18
increases BCL-2 transcription

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15
Q

what are the risk factors for Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

infections - HIV, EBV, H.pylori
hep B and C infection
exposure to pesticides and specific chemical
FHx

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16
Q

how can we classify them based on clinical presentation?

A

Hodgkin = localised lymphadenopathy
Non-Hodgkin = generalised lymphadenopathy

17
Q

what is the key diagnostic test?

A

lymph node biopsy

18
Q

what is the key finding on a lymph node biopsy in patients with HODGKIN’S lymphoma?

A

reed-sternberg cell

19
Q

what are reed-sternberg cells?

A

abnormally large B cells that have multiple nuclei -> owl’s eye appearance = bilobed nuclei

20
Q

what is the management for Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

multi-agent chemo and radiation
ABVD - adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine

21
Q

what is the management for Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

multi-agent chemo and radiation
R-CHOP - rituximab (MAIN)

22
Q
A

Haem (30 decks)

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