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Anatomy And Physiology 2 > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

0
Q

What is lymphatic vessels

A

Network of vessels and capillaries

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1
Q

What are the three parts of the lymphatic system

A

Lymphatic vessels, lymph fluid and lymph tissues

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2
Q

What is lymph fluid

A

Fluid in vessels (+ lymphocytes, proteins)

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3
Q

What is lymph tissue

A

Nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils and malt

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4
Q

What are the functions of the lymphatic system

A

Returns leaked fluid to blood vessels, defence of bodies

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5
Q

Describe the lymphatic vessels

A

One way flow of fluid, vessels have valves. Lymph flows toward heart. Vessels merge to form thoracic duct which empties into vena cava

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6
Q

Describe lymph formation

A

Plasma, interstital fluid, lymph

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7
Q

Describe the lymphatic capillaries

A

Microscopic blind ended, highly permeable: picks up pathogens and cancerous cells as well as plasma proteins: role of lymph nodes. Mini valves which open when interstitial osmotic pressure is greater than lymphatic. Blind ended tubes in which adjacent endothelial cells overlap each other forming flap like minivalves.

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8
Q

What are lacteals

A

SpecialiZed lymph capillaries present in intestinal mucosa - absorb digested fat and deliver fatty lymph (chyle) to the blood

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9
Q

What are lymphoid tissues

A

Place for lymphocytes (B+T cells) to live and patrol for pathogen. Composed mainly of loosely connective tissues ( reticular connective tissues ).

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10
Q

How is lymphoid tissue dispersed

A

In organs. Diffused or found in clusters (nodules). Peyers patches in wall of ileum.

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11
Q

What are large nodules

A

Lymph nodes

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12
Q

What are lymph nodes

A

Principal lymphoid organs of body, in clusters along the lymphatic vessels.

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13
Q

What are the defence functions of lymph nodes

A

Filter lymph - macrophages destroy pathogens and prevent them from entering blood.
Activate immune system: B cells and T cells lymphocytes attack pathogens or infected cells

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14
Q

Describe the spleen

A

Largest lymphoid organ, also has a hematologic function

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15
Q

What is the function of the spleen

A

Site of some clonal selection + antibody production in immune response. Rbc graveyard - destroys old red blood cells and platelets, macrophages remove debris.
Stores blood

16
Q

Is the spleen essential for life

A

Nope, other organs can take over function in event of splenectomy

17
Q

What is the thymus

A

Found in cervical region. Partially overlies heart and trachea. Important functions early in life (neonate). Gradually atrophies and replaced by fatty fibrous tissues

18
Q

What is the thymus the site of

A

Site of T-Cell maturation

Contains no B cells

19
Q

What are tonsils

A

Differ from lymph nodes: no fibrous capsule surrounding them. Found in moist epithelial mucosal surfaces not a long lymph vessels in middle of body.
Gather and remove pathogens in food (digestive tract) or air (respiratory tracts). Mainly found in pharynx

20
Q

What is malt

A

Lymphoid tissue in mucous membranes throughout body. Protects from pathogens trying to enter body. Large collections of malt in tonsils, peyers patches. Also in mucosa of respiratory and genitourinary organs: rest of digestive tract - galt

21
Q

What is neoplasia

A

Abnormal growth of tissue

22
Q

What is lymphoma

A

Cancer of lymphatic tissue types: B cell/T cell proliferation: multicentric: lymph nodes, spleen, liver, bone marrow
Mediastinal: thoracic structures
Extranodal: skin, eyes

23
Q

What are the symptoms of lymphoma

A

Enlarged lymph nodes, lethargy, depression, and weight loss, fever, vomiting, diarrhea

24
Q

What is cbc abnormal symptoms:

A

Anemia, lymphocytosis

25
Q

What are abnormal fna symptoms:

A

biopsy: lymphocytosis

26
Q

What is fiv: feline immunodeficiency virus

A

Virus that targets lymphocytes and macrophages causing lymphopenia: progressive. Most often transmitted through bites: vertical transmitted is less common.

27
Q

How do you test for fiv and how do you treat it

A

Test for antibodies: vaccinated cats may test positive. Negative cats may have not yet produced antibodies. No cure : time of death: 5 yrs after infection

28
Q

What is felv:

A

Also caused by retrovirus. More easily transmitted than FIV: mainly through saliva and nasal secretions, urine feces and milk. Progressive disease. Causes leukaemia, lymphomas, and suppression of immune systems

29
Q

Is there a vaccination for felv

A

Vaccine available but not beneficial if infected. Test for antigens

Anatomy And Physiology 2 (12 decks)

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