Chapter - Respiratory System Flashcards
What is external respiration
Pulmonary respiration
What is the main function of the respiratory system
Supplies body cells with O2 and co2
What is internal respiration
Cellular respiration
What is pulmonary ventilation
Breathing
What is inspiration
Movement of air into lungs
What is expiration
Movement of air out of lungs
What is involved in pulmonary ventilation
- O2 and co2 exchange between lungs and capillaries
- O2 and co2 transported in blood
- O2 and co2 exchange between systemic capillaries and tissues
What is vocalization (phonation)
Vibration of vocal cords stretched across larynx
What is olfaction
Olfactory cells (chemoreceptors) bind molecules; nerve impulses are interpreted as smells by olfactory lobes of brain
What is thermoregulation
Warm air by entering respiratory tract; evaporative cooling at mucosa
What is the acid base balance in blood
Co2 amount dissolved in blood
Which structures are considered part of the upper respiratory tract
Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea
What are the nares
Nostrils; external openings that lead into nasal passages
What is the nasal septum
Divides left + right side
What are turbinate bones
Increases surface area inside passage divide each passage into three smaller ones ; nasal meatus
What cell type is the nasal passage lined with
Ciliates pseudostratified columnar epithelium
What secrets mucus
Mucosa glands and goblet cells
What is the function of mucus
Warm and humidify and filter air
How does mucus work
Mucus escalator traps debris and moves it cranial u to pharynx to be swallowed
What does inflammation do to cilia
Reduces effectiveness
What are the sinuses
Spaces within skull out pockets of nasal passages. Lining continuous with that of nasal passages.
What are the sinuses named after
They are named after skull bones where they are located
What are the two sinuses
Frontal sinuses and maxillary sinuses
What is sinusitis
Inflammation of sinuses