Lower Extremities Flashcards
The pelvis is formed by what 3 components?
-2 hip bones (3 fused bones) and midline sacrum (5 fused bones)
The hip bone is comprised of what 3 bones?
- ilium
- ischium
- pubis
Where do the 3 bones that make up the hip bone unite?
acetabulum
What comprises the sacroiliac joints?
sacrum articulate with ilium of right and left hip bones
What are the 2 knee joints?
tibiofemoral joint and patellofemoral joint
Where is the talocrural joint found?
ankle
The internal iliac artery splits into what 3 arterial supplies for the lower extremity?
- superior and inferior gluteal arteries
- obturator artery
What does the external iliac artery descend into?
femoral artery
What is the function of the perforating veins?
shunt blood from superficial to deep veins
Where do the nerves of the lower extremity come from?
lumbar and sacral plexus
Superficial fascia is located between which two layers?
skin and deep fascia
What are the contents of superficial fascia?
fat, cutaneous nerves, superficial veins
Which vein is the largest superficial vein in the lower extremity?
great saphenous vein
What is the term for deep fascia in the thigh?
fascia lata
What is the iliotibial band/tract? (ITB)
thickening of the fascia lata
What is the largest compartment of the thigh?
anterior
What is the main source of innervation for the anterior thigh compartment?
femoral nerve
Which muscles are the strongest hip flexors?
iliopsoas (psoas major and iliacus)
Femoral nerve enters LE by passing through which ligament?
pass deep to the inguinal ligament
What is the main source of innervation for the medial compartment of the thigh?
obturator nerve
Which is the largest adductor muscle?
adductor magnus
Where does the obturator nerve pass through?
obturator canal
What is the main source of innervation for the posterior compartment of the thigh?
tibial nerve
The sciatic nerve gives rise to which 2 nerves?
- tibial nerve
- common fibular nerve
What is the significance of the sciatic nerve in relation to the gluteal region?
sciatic nerve passes through gluteal region but doesn’t innervate any gluteal muscles
Which nerve innervates the semimembranosus, semi-tendinosus and biceps femoris (long head)?
tibial nerve
Which nerve innervates biceps femoris (short head)?
common fibular nerve
What are the two main blood sources for the thigh?
- femoral artery (EIA)-major source
- obturator artery (IIA)-minor source
What are the two main nerves of the gluteal region?
- inferior gluteal nerve
- superior gluteal nerve
Which nerve innervates the gluteus maximus?
inferior gluteal nerve
The internal iliac artery gives rise to which two branches that supply gluteal region?
- superior gluteal artery
- inferior gluteal artery
What is the term for the deep fascia of the leg?
crural fascia
What is the main source of innervation for the posterior compartment of the leg?
tibial nerve
What is the main source of innervation for the lateral compartment of the leg?
superficial fibular nerve
What is the main source of innervation for the anterior compartment of the leg?
deep fibular nerve
What does the femoral artery turn into behind the knee?
popliteal artery
The popliteal artery bifurcates into which two arteries?
anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries
What is the superficial structure on plantar aspect of the foot?
plantar aponeurosis
What is the function of the plantar aponeurosis?
- heel strike to mid stance absorbs loads imposed by body weight
- mid-stance to push-off contributes to the rigid nature of the foot during push off
What muscles are found in layer 1 of the foot ?
- abductor digiti minimi
- abductor hallucis
- flexor digitorum brevis
What muscles are found in layer 2 of the foot?
- lumbricals
- quadratus plantae
- flexor hallucis longus
- flexor digitorum longus
What muscles are found in layer 3 of the foot?
- flexor digiti minimi brevis
- adductor hallucis (2 heads)
- flexor hallucis brevis
What muscles are found in layer 4 of the foot?
- plantar interossei (3)
- dorsal interossei (4)
- peroneus longus tendon
- posterior tibialis tendon
