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HBS > Lower Extremities > Flashcards

Lower Extremities Flashcards

1
Q

The pelvis is formed by what 3 components?

A

-2 hip bones (3 fused bones) and midline sacrum (5 fused bones)

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2
Q

The hip bone is comprised of what 3 bones?

A
  • ilium
  • ischium
  • pubis
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3
Q

Where do the 3 bones that make up the hip bone unite?

A

acetabulum

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4
Q

What comprises the sacroiliac joints?

A

sacrum articulate with ilium of right and left hip bones

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5
Q

What are the 2 knee joints?

A

tibiofemoral joint and patellofemoral joint

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6
Q

Where is the talocrural joint found?

A

ankle

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7
Q

The internal iliac artery splits into what 3 arterial supplies for the lower extremity?

A
  • superior and inferior gluteal arteries

- obturator artery

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8
Q

What does the external iliac artery descend into?

A

femoral artery

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9
Q

What is the function of the perforating veins?

A

shunt blood from superficial to deep veins

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10
Q

Where do the nerves of the lower extremity come from?

A

lumbar and sacral plexus

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11
Q

Superficial fascia is located between which two layers?

A

skin and deep fascia

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12
Q

What are the contents of superficial fascia?

A

fat, cutaneous nerves, superficial veins

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13
Q

Which vein is the largest superficial vein in the lower extremity?

A

great saphenous vein

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14
Q

What is the term for deep fascia in the thigh?

A

fascia lata

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15
Q

What is the iliotibial band/tract? (ITB)

A

thickening of the fascia lata

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16
Q

What is the largest compartment of the thigh?

A

anterior

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17
Q

What is the main source of innervation for the anterior thigh compartment?

A

femoral nerve

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18
Q

Which muscles are the strongest hip flexors?

A

iliopsoas (psoas major and iliacus)

19
Q

Femoral nerve enters LE by passing through which ligament?

A

pass deep to the inguinal ligament

20
Q

What is the main source of innervation for the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

obturator nerve

21
Q

Which is the largest adductor muscle?

A

adductor magnus

22
Q

Where does the obturator nerve pass through?

A

obturator canal

23
Q

What is the main source of innervation for the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

tibial nerve

24
Q

The sciatic nerve gives rise to which 2 nerves?

A
  • tibial nerve

- common fibular nerve

25
Q

What is the significance of the sciatic nerve in relation to the gluteal region?

A

sciatic nerve passes through gluteal region but doesn’t innervate any gluteal muscles

26
Q

Which nerve innervates the semimembranosus, semi-tendinosus and biceps femoris (long head)?

A

tibial nerve

27
Q

Which nerve innervates biceps femoris (short head)?

A

common fibular nerve

28
Q

What are the two main blood sources for the thigh?

A
  • femoral artery (EIA)-major source

- obturator artery (IIA)-minor source

29
Q

What are the two main nerves of the gluteal region?

A
  • inferior gluteal nerve

- superior gluteal nerve

30
Q

Which nerve innervates the gluteus maximus?

A

inferior gluteal nerve

31
Q

The internal iliac artery gives rise to which two branches that supply gluteal region?

A
  • superior gluteal artery

- inferior gluteal artery

32
Q

What is the term for the deep fascia of the leg?

A

crural fascia

33
Q

What is the main source of innervation for the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

tibial nerve

34
Q

What is the main source of innervation for the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

superficial fibular nerve

35
Q

What is the main source of innervation for the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

deep fibular nerve

36
Q

What does the femoral artery turn into behind the knee?

A

popliteal artery

37
Q

The popliteal artery bifurcates into which two arteries?

A

anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries

38
Q

What is the superficial structure on plantar aspect of the foot?

A

plantar aponeurosis

39
Q

What is the function of the plantar aponeurosis?

A
  • heel strike to mid stance absorbs loads imposed by body weight
  • mid-stance to push-off contributes to the rigid nature of the foot during push off
40
Q

What muscles are found in layer 1 of the foot ?

A
  • abductor digiti minimi
  • abductor hallucis
  • flexor digitorum brevis
41
Q

What muscles are found in layer 2 of the foot?

A
  • lumbricals
  • quadratus plantae
  • flexor hallucis longus
  • flexor digitorum longus
42
Q

What muscles are found in layer 3 of the foot?

A
  • flexor digiti minimi brevis
  • adductor hallucis (2 heads)
  • flexor hallucis brevis
43
Q

What muscles are found in layer 4 of the foot?

A
  • plantar interossei (3)
  • dorsal interossei (4)
  • peroneus longus tendon
  • posterior tibialis tendon

HBS (13 decks)

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