Lecture 3 Flashcards
Parietal wall of peritoneum contains what kind of afferents?
somatic afferents (sensory nerves) to spinal nerves *good for well-localized pain
Visceral organs of peritoneum contains what kind of afferents?
visceral afferents that accompany autonomic nerves
*poorly localized, referred pain
Intraperitonal organs suspended within peritoneal cavity by what?
mesentery
What structure separates the greater and lesser sac of the peritoneal cavity?
omental foramen
What is the greater omentum derived from?
dorsal mesentery
What is the lesser omentum derived from?
ventral mesentery
What two ligaments are the lesser omentum comprised of?
heaptogastric and hepatoduodenal (portal vein and other structures)
What are mesenteries?
peritoneal folds that connect viscera to abdominal wall
Identify blood supply for each region of the gut tube.
- foregut
- midgut
- hindgut
foregut-celiac trunk
midgut-superior mesenteric artery
hindgut- inferior mesenteric artery
What organs are found in the foregut?
- abdominal esophagus
- stomach
- proximal duoudenum
What are the three main branches of the celiac trunk?
common hepatic artery
left gastric artery
splenic artery
What are the four regions of the stomach?
cardia, fundus, body, pyloric region
What is the inner surface of the stomach lined with to expand volume?
rugae
Identify blood supply of the stomach found in lesser curvature.
left and right gastric artery
Identify blood supply of the stomach found in greater curvature.
right and left gastro-omental artery
Identify blood supply of the stomach found in body region.
Posterior gastric artery
Which viscera share blood supply with foregut and which organ developed separate from foregut?
- liver, gall bladder, pancreas, spleen
- spleen develops separately
What are the 4 anatomic lobes of the liver?
right, left, quadrate, and caudate
What ligament divides right and left anatomical lobes?
falciform (scythe-shaped) ligament
What is the arterial supply for liver?
common hepatic artery
What is the relation between gall bladder, liver, and duodenum?
Bile made in liver and transferred to gall bladder and then to duodenum
What is the arterial supply for gall bladder?
cystic artery
Where is the portal triad housed?
In the lesser omentum in hepatoduodenal ligament
The portal triad is composed of what 3 structures?
portal vein
proper hepatic artery
common bile duct
Where do the pancreatic enzymes enter? Where do insulin and glucagon enter?
- pancreatic enzymes enter duodenum
- insulin and glucagon enter bloodstream
What is the arterial supply for pancreas?
extensive branches of the celiac (splenic, gastroduodenal) and SMA
What accessory organ is not derived from foregut?
spleen (develops as part of vascular system)
What is the arterial supply for spleen?
splenic artery
What organs are found in midgut?
distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, 1st 2/3 transverse colon
What is the shortest segment in the small intestine?
duodenum (20-25 cm)
What are the 4 parts of the duodenum?
superior, descending, inferior, and ascending
Which parts of the duodenum are secondarily retroperitoneal?
descending and inferior
Which part of duodenum contains papillae for bile duct entrances?
descending
Which portion of the small intestine contains numerous plicae circulares?
jejunum
Which portion of the small intestine contains prominent arterial arcades?
Ileum
Which portion of small intestine contains long vasa recta and short vasa recta?
long-jejunum
short-ileum
What is the blood supply for the duodenum?
-gastroduodenal artery and branches
-pancreaticoduodenal artery
other branches of SMA
What is the blood supply for jejunum?
intestinal branches of the SMA
What is the blood supply for ileum?
intestinal branches of SMA
ileal branch of ileocolic artery
What is the blood supply for cecum?
ileocolic artery branches (SMA)
What organs are found in the hindgut?
last 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and proximcal anal canal
What are the 4 regions of the large intestine?
ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segements
What are the 2 flexures of the large intestine?
- hepatic (between ascending and transverse)
- splenic (between transverse and descending)
What are three prominent features of large intestine?
- epiploic (omental appendages)
- teniae coli
- haustra
What is the function of teniae coli?
3 longitudinal bands of smooth muscle that contract to form haustra
What is the blood supply to large intestine?
SMA branches:
-ileocolic, right colic, and middle colic
IMA branches:
-left colic and sigmoidal
How do the SMA and IMA ensure consistent blood supply to colon?
anastomose by marginal artery
Which organ is retroperitoneal?
rectum
What is the blood supply for rectum?
- superior rectal (IMA)
- middle rectal
- inferior rectal
Pectinate line marks division of what 2 regions?
anal canal and hindgut
*anal canal associated with body wall
Which organs are secondarily retroperitoneal?
- pancreas
- duodenum (2nd and 3rd)
- ascending colon
- descending colon
What is the relationship of kidneys to abdomen?
kidneys near posterior abdominal wall and not in same space as gut viscera
Which glands are attached to inferior diaphragm?
adrenal glands
What does the cortex secrete?
corticosteroids and androgens
What does the medulla secrete?
norepinephrine and epinephrine
What is the pathway from kidney to ureter?
renal papillae, minor calyces, major calyces, renal pelvis, out of hilum, into ureter
What is the blood supply to the adrenal glands?
superior suprarenal artery, middle superarenal artery, inferior suprarenal artery
What is the blood supply for kidneys?
renal artery
What is the blood supply for ureters?
branches of renal artery
Where does venous drainage come from for kidneys and adrenal glands?
renal veins and tributaries (into IVC)
Where is the IVC located?
To the right of the abdominal aorta
What is the difference in drainage for the left and right renal vein?
- Left renal vein passes anteriorly to aorta to drain into IVC
- right renal vein able to go directly
What is the cause of Nutcracker syndrome?
compression of left renal vein by SMA
*SMA overlies left renal vein
What is the difference between portal and caval venous drainage?
- hepatic portal system-take blood from gut region to liver and exit through hepatic vein into IVC (allow blood filtration through liver)
- caval system-viscera drain directly into IVC
What are the tributaries of the portal vein?
- splenic vein
- superior mesenteric
- inferior mesenteric
What is involved for abdominal visceral innervation?
sympathetic-sympathetic trunk and thoracic, lumbar, and sacra splanchnic nerves
parasympathetic-vagus and pelvic splanchnic nerves
What is involved for abdominal somatic innervation?
- lumbar plexus of nerves
- sensory and motor innervation to abdominal wall and other muscles
What are the sympathetic functions in GI tract?
inhibit secretion of digestive juices, decrease stomach motility, decrease pancreatic enzyme secretion
What are the parasympathetic functions in GI tract?
stimulate secretion of digestive juices, increase motility, increase peristalsis, increase secretion of pancreatic enzymes
Which two nerves are involved in the motor function of internal oblique and transversus abdominus?
iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal
Which nerve is involved in motor function of cremateric muscle?
genitofemoral
Which nerve is involved in medial compartment of thigh muscles?
obturator
Which nerve is involved in iliacus, anterior compartment of thigh muscles?
femoral
Which nerve is only involved in sensory function?
lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
