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HBS > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Parietal wall of peritoneum contains what kind of afferents?

A 
somatic afferents (sensory nerves) to spinal nerves
*good for well-localized pain
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2
Q

Visceral organs of peritoneum contains what kind of afferents?

A

visceral afferents that accompany autonomic nerves

*poorly localized, referred pain

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3
Q

Intraperitonal organs suspended within peritoneal cavity by what?

A

mesentery

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4
Q

What structure separates the greater and lesser sac of the peritoneal cavity?

A

omental foramen

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5
Q

What is the greater omentum derived from?

A

dorsal mesentery

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6
Q

What is the lesser omentum derived from?

A

ventral mesentery

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7
Q

What two ligaments are the lesser omentum comprised of?

A

heaptogastric and hepatoduodenal (portal vein and other structures)

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8
Q

What are mesenteries?

A

peritoneal folds that connect viscera to abdominal wall

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9
Q

Identify blood supply for each region of the gut tube.

  • foregut
  • midgut
  • hindgut
A

foregut-celiac trunk
midgut-superior mesenteric artery
hindgut- inferior mesenteric artery

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10
Q

What organs are found in the foregut?

A
  • abdominal esophagus
  • stomach
  • proximal duoudenum
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11
Q

What are the three main branches of the celiac trunk?

A

common hepatic artery
left gastric artery
splenic artery

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12
Q

What are the four regions of the stomach?

A

cardia, fundus, body, pyloric region

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13
Q

What is the inner surface of the stomach lined with to expand volume?

A

rugae

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14
Q

Identify blood supply of the stomach found in lesser curvature.

A

left and right gastric artery

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15
Q

Identify blood supply of the stomach found in greater curvature.

A

right and left gastro-omental artery

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16
Q

Identify blood supply of the stomach found in body region.

A

Posterior gastric artery

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17
Q

Which viscera share blood supply with foregut and which organ developed separate from foregut?

A
  • liver, gall bladder, pancreas, spleen

- spleen develops separately

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18
Q

What are the 4 anatomic lobes of the liver?

A

right, left, quadrate, and caudate

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19
Q

What ligament divides right and left anatomical lobes?

A

falciform (scythe-shaped) ligament

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20
Q

What is the arterial supply for liver?

A

common hepatic artery

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21
Q

What is the relation between gall bladder, liver, and duodenum?

A

Bile made in liver and transferred to gall bladder and then to duodenum

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22
Q

What is the arterial supply for gall bladder?

A

cystic artery

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23
Q

Where is the portal triad housed?

A

In the lesser omentum in hepatoduodenal ligament

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24
Q

The portal triad is composed of what 3 structures?

A

portal vein
proper hepatic artery
common bile duct

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25
Q

Where do the pancreatic enzymes enter? Where do insulin and glucagon enter?

A
  • pancreatic enzymes enter duodenum

- insulin and glucagon enter bloodstream

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26
Q

What is the arterial supply for pancreas?

A

extensive branches of the celiac (splenic, gastroduodenal) and SMA

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27
Q

What accessory organ is not derived from foregut?

A

spleen (develops as part of vascular system)

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28
Q

What is the arterial supply for spleen?

A

splenic artery

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29
Q

What organs are found in midgut?

A

distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, 1st 2/3 transverse colon

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30
Q

What is the shortest segment in the small intestine?

A

duodenum (20-25 cm)

31
Q

What are the 4 parts of the duodenum?

A

superior, descending, inferior, and ascending

32
Q

Which parts of the duodenum are secondarily retroperitoneal?

A

descending and inferior

33
Q

Which part of duodenum contains papillae for bile duct entrances?

A

descending

34
Q

Which portion of the small intestine contains numerous plicae circulares?

A

jejunum

35
Q

Which portion of the small intestine contains prominent arterial arcades?

A

Ileum

36
Q

Which portion of small intestine contains long vasa recta and short vasa recta?

A

long-jejunum

short-ileum

37
Q

What is the blood supply for the duodenum?

A

-gastroduodenal artery and branches
-pancreaticoduodenal artery
other branches of SMA

38
Q

What is the blood supply for jejunum?

A

intestinal branches of the SMA

39
Q

What is the blood supply for ileum?

A

intestinal branches of SMA

ileal branch of ileocolic artery

40
Q

What is the blood supply for cecum?

A

ileocolic artery branches (SMA)

41
Q

What organs are found in the hindgut?

A

last 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and proximcal anal canal

42
Q

What are the 4 regions of the large intestine?

A

ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segements

43
Q

What are the 2 flexures of the large intestine?

A
  • hepatic (between ascending and transverse)

- splenic (between transverse and descending)

44
Q

What are three prominent features of large intestine?

A
  • epiploic (omental appendages)
  • teniae coli
  • haustra
45
Q

What is the function of teniae coli?

A

3 longitudinal bands of smooth muscle that contract to form haustra

46
Q

What is the blood supply to large intestine?

A

SMA branches:
-ileocolic, right colic, and middle colic
IMA branches:
-left colic and sigmoidal

47
Q

How do the SMA and IMA ensure consistent blood supply to colon?

A

anastomose by marginal artery

48
Q

Which organ is retroperitoneal?

A

rectum

49
Q

What is the blood supply for rectum?

A
  • superior rectal (IMA)
  • middle rectal
  • inferior rectal
50
Q

Pectinate line marks division of what 2 regions?

A

anal canal and hindgut

*anal canal associated with body wall

51
Q

Which organs are secondarily retroperitoneal?

A
  • pancreas
  • duodenum (2nd and 3rd)
  • ascending colon
  • descending colon
52
Q

What is the relationship of kidneys to abdomen?

A

kidneys near posterior abdominal wall and not in same space as gut viscera

53
Q

Which glands are attached to inferior diaphragm?

A

adrenal glands

54
Q

What does the cortex secrete?

A

corticosteroids and androgens

55
Q

What does the medulla secrete?

A

norepinephrine and epinephrine

56
Q

What is the pathway from kidney to ureter?

A

renal papillae, minor calyces, major calyces, renal pelvis, out of hilum, into ureter

57
Q

What is the blood supply to the adrenal glands?

A

superior suprarenal artery, middle superarenal artery, inferior suprarenal artery

58
Q

What is the blood supply for kidneys?

A

renal artery

59
Q

What is the blood supply for ureters?

A

branches of renal artery

60
Q

Where does venous drainage come from for kidneys and adrenal glands?

A

renal veins and tributaries (into IVC)

61
Q

Where is the IVC located?

A

To the right of the abdominal aorta

62
Q

What is the difference in drainage for the left and right renal vein?

A
  • Left renal vein passes anteriorly to aorta to drain into IVC
  • right renal vein able to go directly
63
Q

What is the cause of Nutcracker syndrome?

A

compression of left renal vein by SMA

*SMA overlies left renal vein

64
Q

What is the difference between portal and caval venous drainage?

A
  • hepatic portal system-take blood from gut region to liver and exit through hepatic vein into IVC (allow blood filtration through liver)
  • caval system-viscera drain directly into IVC
65
Q

What are the tributaries of the portal vein?

A
  • splenic vein
  • superior mesenteric
  • inferior mesenteric
66
Q

What is involved for abdominal visceral innervation?

A

sympathetic-sympathetic trunk and thoracic, lumbar, and sacra splanchnic nerves
parasympathetic-vagus and pelvic splanchnic nerves

67
Q

What is involved for abdominal somatic innervation?

A
  • lumbar plexus of nerves

- sensory and motor innervation to abdominal wall and other muscles

68
Q

What are the sympathetic functions in GI tract?

A

inhibit secretion of digestive juices, decrease stomach motility, decrease pancreatic enzyme secretion

69
Q

What are the parasympathetic functions in GI tract?

A

stimulate secretion of digestive juices, increase motility, increase peristalsis, increase secretion of pancreatic enzymes

70
Q

Which two nerves are involved in the motor function of internal oblique and transversus abdominus?

A

iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal

71
Q

Which nerve is involved in motor function of cremateric muscle?

A

genitofemoral

72
Q

Which nerve is involved in medial compartment of thigh muscles?

A

obturator

73
Q

Which nerve is involved in iliacus, anterior compartment of thigh muscles?

A

femoral

74
Q

Which nerve is only involved in sensory function?

A

lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh

HBS (13 decks)

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