Lecture 4 Flashcards
Which region is formed by 2 innominate bones and sacrum and functions as structural component of both pelvic region and lower limb?
Pelvic girdle
What are the 3 apertures created by pelvic ligaments?
- greater sciatic foramen
- lesser sciatic foramen
- obturator canal
Greater sciatic foramen is created by which ligament?
sacrospinus
Lesser sciatic foramen is created by which two ligaments?
sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments
Which foramen transmits pudendal nerve?
lesser sciatic foramen
Which aperture is created by obturator membrane?
obturator membrane
What are the walls of the pelvic muscles?
piriformis and obturator internus
What consists of the floor of pelvic muscles?
levator ani and coccygeus
What is the function of the puborectalis part of levator ani?
Forms sling around rectum and relaxes during defecation to increase angle between rectum and anus for “smooth movement”
Which membrane is a fascial layer attached to pubic arch and serves as attachment for genitalia and associated muscles?
perineal membrane
What are the 3 systems of the pelvic viscera?
- gastrointestinal
- urinary
- reproductive
Which organ is continuous with sigmoid colon of hindgut?
rectum
Where does the pectinate line mark the transition of the anal canal?
between superior 2/3 of hindgut and inferior 1/3 of body wall (skin)
During indifferent stage of development, what are the 2 sets of ducts embryos have?
mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts
How do female structures develop in embryo?
When testosterone is absent, mesonephric ducts regress and paramesonephric ducts develop into female structures
How do male structures develop in embryo?
Testes secrete mullerian inhibiting substance and testosterone which cause paramesonephric ducts to regress and mesonephric ducts develop into male structures
Which ducts are responsible for forming structures in urinary system?
mesonephric ducts
What is the pathway of sperm?
SEVEn UP -seminiferous tubules -epididymis -vas (ductus) deferens -ejaculatory ducts nothing -urethra -penis
What are the glands of the male reproductive system?
- seminal vesicles
- prostate
- bulbourethral gland
Round ligament in uterus is derivate of what?
gubernaculum
What are the corners of the perineum?
pubic symphysis
coccys
ischial tuberosities
What are the borders of perineum?
ischiopubic rami
sacrotuberous ligaments
What is the ceiling of the perineum?
pelvic diaphragm
Male and female identity are identical until which week?
week 7
sacral and coccygeal plexus are formed by what nerves?
L4-5, S1-5, coccygeal nerve
The pudendal nerve exists pelvis through greater sciatic foramen and re-enters pelvis through lesser sciatic foramen through which space?
pudendal canal
The pudendal nerve is derived from which part of spine?
S2, 3, 4
What are the major branches of pudendal nerve?
- inferior rectal
- perineal
- dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris
Preganglionic parasympathetic innervation functions to what?
- stimulate erection
- modulate mobility in distal GI tract
- relaxation of internal urethral sphincter
Postganglionic sympathetic nerves arise largely from where?
pelvic sympathetic trunk
What are the functions of the postganglionic sympathetic nerves?
- contraction of smooth muscle in internal urethral sphincter and internal anal sphincter
- smooth muscle contraction in reproductive tract
External and internal iliac arteries descend into lower limb as what artery?
femoral artery