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HBS > Lecture 9 > Flashcards

Lecture 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the olfactory nerve?

A

smell

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2
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?

A

optic

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3
Q

What is the main function of the oculomotor nerve?

A
  • eye movement

- eye accommodation

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4
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for motor to superior oblique muscle?

A

trochlear

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5
Q

What are the functions of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • general sensation from face

- motor to muscles of mastication

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6
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for movement to lateral rectus muscle?

A

abducens

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7
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for anterior 2/3 of tongue and stimulate lacrimal glands and 2/3 of salivary glands?

A

facial

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8
Q

What is the main function of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

hearing and balance

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9
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for taste in posterior tongue, localized general sensation of pharynx, and stimulate 1/3 of salivary glands?

A

glossopharyngeal

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10
Q

What are the main functions of the vagus nerve?

A
  • general sensation in larynx and upper esophagus

- motor innervation to striated muscles of palate, larynx, pharynx, and upper esophagus

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11
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles?

A

accessory

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12
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for motor movement of tongue muscles?

A

hypoglossal

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13
Q

The vasculature anatomically divides the head and neck into internal and external regions. What does the internal region consist of?

A
  • brain
  • cranial meninges
  • inner table of skull
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14
Q

The vertebral arteries ascend from which arteries and supply the internal region?

A

subclavian

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15
Q

The brain receives O2 rich blood from which two arteries? and how to these arteries communicate with each other?

A
  • internal carotid and vertebral arteries

- circle of willis

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16
Q

The carotid sheath is a fascial sheath through which 3 things pass vertically through the neck?

A
  • carotid artery
  • internal jugular vein
  • vagus nerve
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17
Q

The carotid bifurcation is site of which two important sense organs? Which nerve do the sensory innervation of the organs travel through?

A
  • carotid body and carotid sinus

- travel trough glossopharyngeal nerve

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18
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid artery? (8 branches)

A
  • superficial temporal
  • maxillary
  • posterior auricular
  • occipital
  • facial
  • lingual
  • ascending pharyngeal
  • superior thyroid
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19
Q

Superficial temporal artery also gives off which other artery?

A

transverse facial artery

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20
Q

What are the 3 parts of the maxillary artery?

A

mandibular, pterygoid, and peterygopalatine

21
Q

The maxillary artery passes antero-medially across which fossa?

A

infratemporal fossa-space between mandible and skeleton of midface

22
Q

Which fossa contains mastication muscles and branches of V3 nerves?

A

infratemporal fossa

23
Q

Where does the internal carotid artery emerge in the skull?

A

middle cranial fossa

24
Q

The branches of the internal carotid artery supply which 4 regions?

A
  • eye
  • orbit
  • forehead
  • much of cerebrum
25
Q

What are the 4 parts of the internal carotid artery?

A
  • Cervical
  • Petrous part (travel through petrous part of temporal bone)
  • Cavernous part (cavernous sinus)
  • Cerebral part
26
Q

Which two branches form the termination of the internal carotid artery?

A

-anterior and middle cerebral (larger)

27
Q

Which branch of the internal carotid supplies the temporal lobe, anterolateral frontal lobe, and parietal lobe?

A

middle cerebral

28
Q

Which branch of the internal carotid supplies the medial aspect of the anterior cerebral hemispheres?

A

anterior cerebral

29
Q

Which branch of the internal carotid supplies the walls of orbit and structures within orbit as well as skin anterior to orbit (eyelid)?

A

ophthalmic

30
Q

Central artery of the retina passes through which nerve?

A

optic nerve-enters back of eye to reach retina

31
Q

Why is the central artery of retina important in clinical examinations?

A
  • only arterial vessel the physician can see directly

- true end artery-obstruction will result in complete blindness (no anastomoses)

32
Q

Where doe the carotid and subclavian systems anastomose?

A

-cerebral arterial circle (circle of willis)

33
Q

What are the contributions of the vertebral arteries?

A

basilar artery which divides into 2 posterior cerebral

34
Q

What are the branches of the internal carotid?

A
  • anterior cerebral
  • middle cerebral
  • posterior communicating
  • opthalmic
35
Q

Venous blood returns from head and neck via which veins?

A
  • internal jugular
  • external jugular
  • vertebral
  • inferior thyroid veins
36
Q

Layers of tissue that surround CNS and contain CSF

A

meninges

37
Q

Artery between dura and skull breaks and bleeds into epidural space and create lense-shaped defect in cross section when periosteal dura pushed away from bone

A

epidural hematoma

38
Q

Low-pressure bleeding from bridging veins and cross arachnoid space. When torn, blood dissects arachnoid away from dura and ventricles compressed.

A

subdural hematoma

39
Q

This hematoma is caused by acceleration/deceleration injuries cause brain to move relative to skull or in elderly patients.

A

subdural hematoma

40
Q

Extravasation of blood into subarachnoid space between pia and arachnoid membranes. Blood follows pia layer and appears diffusely through brain.

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

41
Q

This event is caused by trauma or cerebral aneurysm.

A

Subarachnoid hemorrage

42
Q

What are the two layers of the dura mater?

A

outer (perisoteal) and inner (meningeal) layers

43
Q

Endothelium-lined channels in spaces where layers of dura diverge. Venous blood runs through these channels to drain from brain out of the skull.

A

Dural venous sinuses

44
Q

Which the main venous structure in the neck?

A

internal jugular vein-descends through neck in the carotid sheath

45
Q

IJV originates as continuation of S-shaped sigmoid sinus and terminates superior to sternoclavicular joint by uniting with subclavian vein to form which vein?

A

brachiocephalic vein

46
Q

What is the clinical significance of the IJV?

A

Used as access location for central line placement

47
Q

Which muscle overlies IJV and is the main landmark for identifying and accessing vessel?

A

sternocleidomastoid muscle

48
Q

Where do most of the lymph nodes gather around?

A

internal jugular vein

HBS (13 decks)

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