Lecture 1 Flashcards
What organ separates the thoracic region and the abdominopelvic region?
diaphragm
Trunk Wall innervation:
Nerves- ?
Arteries-?
Veins-?
nerves-spinal cord
arteries-aorta
veins-IVC and azygous system
The nipple is located at which dermatome?
T4
Contains circular smooth muscle fibers that compress lactiferous ducts during lactation
Nipple
Contains numerous sebaceous glands which secrete oily substance during pregnancy and nursing
Areola
Attach mammary gland to dermis of overlying skin and underlying deep fascia of pectoralis muscle and helps support lobules
Suspensory ligaments
Where does milk collect?
lactiferous sinus
Ribs articulate with thoracic vertebrae and costal cartilage in what directions?
thoracic vertebrae-posteriorly
costal cartilage-anteriorly
How many true and false ribs are there? And which ones are floating ribs?
true ribs-7
false ribs-5
floating ribs- 11 and 12
How are intercostal spaces numbered?
by rib above
doorway between thoracic cavity and neck and upper limb
superior thoracic aperture
provides attachment for diaphragm, which protrudes upward so upper abdominal viscera receive protection from ribs
inferior thoracic aperture
What are the boundaries of superior thoracic aperture
continuous line along body of vertebra T1, superior margins of both first ribs, and superior sternum
What are the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture?
- continuous line along body of vertebra T12, inferior margins of inferior-most ribs, and inferior sternum
- sealed off by diaphragm
The umbilicus is located at which dermatome?
T10
Which nerve innervates diaphragm?
phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)
Identify the vertebral levels of the caval, aortic, and esophageal hiatuses.
T8- IVC
T10- Esophagus
T12- Aorta
What three mechanisms increase thoracic volume?
- contraction of diaphragm
- increase A-P diameter by raising ribs and sternum
- increase M-L diameter by raising ribs
(T/F) Breast is contained in the superficial fascia of the body wall
true
Quadrant system designated by which two planes?
vertical median plane and horizontal transumbilical plane
What organs are located in each quadrant?
- RUQ
- LUQ
- RLQ
- LLQ
RUQ-liver and gallbladder
LUQ-stomach and spleen
RLQ-cecum and appendix
LLQ-end of descending colon and sigmoid colon
Region system designated by which 4 planes?
- 2 midclavicular lines
- subcostal line
- transtubercular line
What are the 3 pain regions?
- epigastric-foregut
- umbilical-midgut
- pubic-hindgut
What forms the rectus sheath?
fibers of aponeuroses of abdominal wall muscles interlace to form rectus sheath
What is the primary vertical muscle of anterior abdominal wall?
rectus abdominis
How is the rectus abdominis attached to inner surface of rectus sheath?
tendinous inscriptions
abdominal wall nerves similar pattern to intercostal nerves but named differently due to lack of ribs. Nerves innervate what?
skin, bones, parietal pleura, and muscles they pass
thick, under-turned inferior margin of external oblique aponeurosis
inguinal ligament
In the inguinal region: Which layer of spermatic cord/scrotum goes with layer of anterolateral abdominal wall? -Skin -Superficial fascia -external abdominal oblique aponeurosis -internal abdominal oblique muscle -fascia from internal abdominal oblique muscle -transversus abdominis -transversalis fascia peritoneum
skin-scrotal skin
superficial fascia-dartos fascia
-external abdominal oblique aponeurosis-external spermatic fascia
-internal abdominal oblique muscle-cremaster muscle
-fascia from internal abdominal oblique muscle- cremasteric fascia
-transversus abdominis- none
-transversalis fascia-internal spermatic fascia
peritoneum-tunica vaginalis
entrance to inguinal canal is (deep/superficial) ring and exit is the (deep/superficial) ring
deep; superficial
What are the borders of Hasselbach’s Triangle?
rectus abdominis, inguinal ligament, and inferior epigastric vessels
Hasselbach’s triangle is reinforced posteriorly only by which muscle?
transversalis fascia
What is the difference between indirect and direct hernia?
direct hernia does not pass through inguinal canal
