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HBS > Lecture 12 > Flashcards

Lecture 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 borders of the nasal cavity?

A
  • orbits
  • oral cavity
  • anterior cranial fossa
  • paranasal sinuses
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2
Q

Which bone separates nasal cavities?

A

vomer bone

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3
Q

What are the two features of the middle meatus?

A
  • semilunar hiatus

- ethmoid bulla

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4
Q

Which cranial nerves innervate the nose?

A

V1 and V2

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5
Q

What are the 4 pairs of paranasal sinuses?

A
  • frontal
  • maxillary
  • sphenoid sinuses
  • ethmoid air cells
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6
Q

Which sinuses drains via frontonasal duct into semilunar hiatus?

A
  • frontal sinuses

- anterior ethmoid air cells

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7
Q

Which sinus drains via maxillary ostium into semilunar hiatus?

A

maxillary sinuses

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8
Q

Which sinus drains into spheno-ethmoidal recess?

A

sphenoid sinuses

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9
Q

Which sinus drains into middle meatus?

A

middle ethmoid air cells

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10
Q

Which sinus drains into superior meatus?

A

posterior ethmoid air cells

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11
Q

What are 3 important features of the surface anatomy of the neck?

A
  • sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM)
  • thyroid cartilage
  • hyoid bone
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12
Q

Which muscle separates anterior and posterior triangle?

A

SCM

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13
Q

In which compartment of the neck are the major blood vessels found?

A

carotid sheath

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14
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?

A
  • SCM
  • Inferior border of mandible
  • midline of neck
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15
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A
  • SCM
  • Trapezius
  • clavicle
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16
Q

Which two muscles further divide the anterior triangle into smaller triangles?

A

-digastric and omohyoid muscles

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17
Q

The anterior triangle is further divided into which 4 smaller triangles?

A
  • carotid triangle
  • muscular triangle
  • submandibular triangle
  • submental triangle
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18
Q

Which part of anterior triangle is palpated during a physical exam for the following:

  • carotid
  • muscular
  • submandibular
  • submental
A
  • carotid-carotid sheath
  • muscular-thyroid gland
  • submandibular-submandibular gland and lymph nodes
  • submental- lymph nodes
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19
Q

The posterior triangle is further divided into which two triangles?

A
  • occipital triangle

- omoclavicular triangle

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20
Q

Trunks of brachial plexus are found in which triangle?

A

occipital triangle

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21
Q

The subclavian artery and vein are found in which triangle?

A

omoclavicular triangle

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22
Q

What are the 4 suprahyoid muscles?

A
  • stylohyoid
  • digastric
  • mylohyoid
  • geniohyoid
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23
Q

What are the 4 infrahyoid (strap) muscles?

A
  • omohyoid
  • sternohyoid
  • thyrohyoid
  • sternothyroid
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24
Q

Which two veins are access points for central venous access lines?

A
  • internal jugular veins

- subclavian veins

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25
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the pharynx?

A
  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
26
Q

Common passageway for food/liquid and air

A

pharynx

27
Q

Where does the pharynx divide into airway and alimentary tract?

A

laryngopharynx

28
Q

Mobile muscular layer in roof of oral cavity that attaches anteriorly to hard palate

A

soft palate

29
Q

The soft palate is innervated by which cranial nerve?

A

-CN X

30
Q

What are the 3 constrictor muscles?

A
  • superior
  • middle
  • inferior
31
Q

The pharyngotympanic tube opens into the ____ pharynx and the tube connects pharynx to the _____ ear.

A
  • superior pharynx

- middle ear

32
Q
  • The border for the external ear to middle ear is: _________
  • The border for the middle ear to internal ear is: ________
A
  • tympanic membrane

- within the temporal bone

33
Q

What are the 3 longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

A
  • salpingopharyngeus
  • palatopharyngeus
  • stylopharyngeus
34
Q

What are the functions of the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

A
  • shorten pharynx

- elevate larynx during swallowing and vocalization

35
Q

Which structure overlies the pharynx creating a continuous tube?

A

mucosa

36
Q

Which region of the laryngopharynx do food pieces get caught?

A

piriform fossa

37
Q

Tonsils are collections of what type of tissue?

A

mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT); adenoids

38
Q

What are the 4 tonsils?

A
  • pharyngeal
  • palatine
  • lingual
  • tubal tonsils
39
Q

Motor innervation of pharynx

A
  • branches of X

- glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) innervates stylopharyngeus

40
Q

Stylopharyngeus is innervated by which nerve?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

41
Q

Sensory innervation of pharynx: naso, oro, laryngo

A
  • V2: nasopharynx
  • IX: oropharynx
  • X-laryngopharynx (unconscious)
42
Q

Which muscle elevates uvula and which nerve innervates it?

A
  • musculus uvulae

- CNX

43
Q

Which arteries supply the pharynx?

A

-ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, and maxillary arteries (branches of external carotid)

44
Q

Which veins drain the pharynx?

A

-pharyngeal venous plexus drains into internal jugular vein

45
Q

What are the 2 crucial functions of the pharynx?

A
  • food passage: propel bolus through pharynx and UES to esophagus
  • airway protection: close larynx and trachea from pharynx to prevent food from entering airway
46
Q

What is the mechanism for swallowing?

A
  • soft palate elevates
  • base of tongue retracts and push bolus against wall
  • pharyngeal constrictor muscles contract and squeeze bolus downward
  • longitudinal muscles shorten pharynx
47
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the larynx?

A
  • acts as valve protecting airway during swallowing
  • modify air for production of sound during vocalization
  • valve to close airway during coughing and straining
48
Q

What are the 4 cartilages of the larynx?

A
  • thyroid
  • cricoid
  • arytenoid
  • epiglottic
49
Q

What are the ligaments and membrane of the larynx?

A
  • thyrohyoid membrane
  • vocal ligament
  • cricothyroid ligament
  • cricotracheal ligament
50
Q

What are the 2 joints of the larynx?

A
  • cricothyroid joint

- cricoarytenoid joint

51
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of larynx?

A
  • cricothyroid
  • thryarytenoid, vocalis
  • posterior crico-arytenoid
  • lateral crico-arytenoid
  • transverse and oblique arytenoids
52
Q

The intrinsic muscles are all innervated by ___ nerve and cricothyroid is innervated by which nerve?

A
  • inferior laryngeal nerve

- cricothyroid-external branch of superior laryngeal nerve

53
Q

Which muscle tenses vocal fold?

A

cricothyroid

54
Q

Which muscle shortens/relaxes vocal folds?

A

thyroarytenoid

55
Q

Which muscle modifies tension of vocal folds?

A

vocalis

56
Q

Which muscle abducts (open) vocal folds?

A

-posterior crico-arytenoid: abduct

57
Q

Which muscles adduct (close) vocal folds?

A
  • lateral crico-arytenoid
  • transverse arytenoids
  • oblique arytenoids
58
Q

Sensory innervation above and below vocal folds are by which nerves?

A

above-internal laryngeal nerve

below-inferior/recurrent laryngeal nerve

59
Q

The larynx receives blood supply from which arteries?

A

-superior and inferior laryngeal arteries

60
Q

What is the main purpose of endotracheal intubation?

A
  • maintain airway

- tube passes between vocal folds

61
Q

During phonation what state are the vocal folds in?

A

-adducted and vestibule is open

HBS (13 decks)

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