Lecture 2 Flashcards
What are the 4 pleural surfaces?
cervical, costal, mediastinal, and diaphragmatic
What are the 2 pleural recesses?
costomediastinal and costodiaphragmatic
What are distinguishing features between right and left lung?
- fissures
- lobes
- impressions
What are consistent features of right and left lungs?
- base
- apex
- surfaces (costal and mediastinal)
- borders (inferior, anterior, and posterior)
What are distinguishing features of the right and left lungs?
fissures, lobes, impressions
What are the three main structures of the lung?
pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, and main bronchus
How does the relationship between pulmonary artery to bronchus differ in the right and left lung?
- RAiLS
- right anterior and left superior
What is the area of bifurcation in the trachea called?
carina
What is the difference between right and left bronchi?
right-larger, more vertical
left-narrower, more horizontal
What are the borders of the mediastinum?
- superior thoracic aperture
- diaphragm
- sternum
- vertebral bodies
What are the mediastinal subdivisions?
super
inferior (anterior, middle, posterior)
What divides the inferior mediastinum into 3 parts?
pericardial sac
Phrenic nerves travel within which layer of pericardium?
fibrous
Which layer lines inner surface of fibrous pericardium?
parietal
What is the position of the heart in thorax?
slightly rotated with right chamber anteriorly oriented
The right atrium receives deoxy blood from what 2 structures? (circulation and heart)
circulation-SVC and IVC
heart-coronary sinus
What are the landmarks of the right atrium?
- auricle
- pectinate muscles
- crista terminalis
The right ventricle recieves deoxy blood from right atrium via which valve?
right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve
What are the landmarks of the right ventricle?
- trabeculae carnae
- papillary muscles (3)
- chordae tendinae
Pulmonary valve is the passageway for deoxy blood to travel from right ventricle to lungs?
via pulmonary trunk and arteries
What are key features of the pulmonary valve?
semilunar cusps and pulmonary sinuses
The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from which veins?
pulmonary veins (lungs)
What are key features of the left atrium?
- auricle
- smooth walls outside auricle
The left ventricle receives oxygenated blood from left atrium via which veins?
pulmonary veins (lungs)
What are key features of the left ventricle?
- trabeculae carnae
- papillary muscles (2)
- chordae tendinae
Which valve is a passageway for oxygenated blood to travel from left ventricle to aorta?
aortic valve
What are the key features of the aortic valve?
- semilunar cusps
- aortic sinuses
- opening for right and left coronary arteries
Atrioventricular valves prevent backflow into (atria/ventricles) and semilunar valves prevent backflow into (atria/ventricles).
atrioventricular-atria
-semilunar-ventricles
What are the two remnants of fetal circulation?
- fossa ovalis- shunt between L and R atria
- ligamentum arteriosum- shunt between aorta and pulmonary arteries
Which arteries supply muscle and conductive tissues of heart?
coronary arteries
How do branches from the two main coronary arteries supply certain areas of the heart?
anastomose
Right coronary artery supplies which portions of the heart?
- anterior right atrium
- lower left atrium
- right ventricle
- some left ventricle and septum
- most of the conducting tissue
What are the major branches of the right coronary artery?
- sinu-atrial nodal branch
- right marginal branch
- posterior interventricular branch
Left coronary artery supplies which portions of the heart?
- posterior left atrium
- left ventricle
- some right ventricle and septum
What are the major branches of the left coronary artery?
- Anterior interventricular branch (LAD)
- circumflex branch
In left-dominant heart, which branch arises from left coronary artery?
posterior interventricular branch
What is the main venous structure in coronary vein?
coronary sinus
Coronary sinus drains deoxygenated blood into which heart region?
-right atrium
What are the major tributaries of the coronary sinus?
- great cardiac vein
- middle cardiac vein
- small cardiac vein
Autonomic division of peripheral nervous system regulates what three things?
- heart rate
- contraction force
- cardiac output
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers contribute to which plexus of nerves?
cardiac plexus
What is the function of parasympathetic fibers from vagus nerves?
- decrease heart rate
- reduce force of contraction
- constrict coronary arteries
What is the function of sympathetic trunk in the cardiac plexus?
- increase heart rate
- increase force of contraction
Pain fibers follow pathway of sympathetic nerves and enter spinal cord in what region?
T1-T4 levels
What are the branches of the aortic arch?
- brachiocephalic artery (divides further into right subclavian and right common carotid)
- left common carotid
- left subclavian
Which vascular structures pass through superior mediastinum before draining into superior vena cava
Left and right brachiocephalic veins
Which vein is found in right posterior mediastinum?
azygous vein
Which vein is found in left posterior mediastinum?
hemiazygous and accessory hemiazygous veins
Which duct passes through posterior mediastinum?
thoracic duct
What is the function of the vagus nerve?
parasympathetic innervation to viscera and relay info to CNS
What is the function of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve and where is it located?
- Innervates muscles of larynx and responsible for vocalization
- located in the branch of left vagus nerve
Where does the sympathetic trunk pass through?
posterior mediastinum
Upper ganglia branches provide sympathetic innervation to which viscera?
thoracic viscera
Lower ganglia send splanchnic nerves to supply which viscera?
abdominal and pelvic viscera
