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HBS > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 pleural surfaces?

A

cervical, costal, mediastinal, and diaphragmatic

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2
Q

What are the 2 pleural recesses?

A

costomediastinal and costodiaphragmatic

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3
Q

What are distinguishing features between right and left lung?

A
  • fissures
  • lobes
  • impressions
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4
Q

What are consistent features of right and left lungs?

A
  • base
  • apex
  • surfaces (costal and mediastinal)
  • borders (inferior, anterior, and posterior)
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5
Q

What are distinguishing features of the right and left lungs?

A

fissures, lobes, impressions

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6
Q

What are the three main structures of the lung?

A

pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, and main bronchus

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7
Q

How does the relationship between pulmonary artery to bronchus differ in the right and left lung?

A
  • RAiLS

- right anterior and left superior

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8
Q

What is the area of bifurcation in the trachea called?

A

carina

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9
Q

What is the difference between right and left bronchi?

A

right-larger, more vertical

left-narrower, more horizontal

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10
Q

What are the borders of the mediastinum?

A
  • superior thoracic aperture
  • diaphragm
  • sternum
  • vertebral bodies
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11
Q

What are the mediastinal subdivisions?

A

super

inferior (anterior, middle, posterior)

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12
Q

What divides the inferior mediastinum into 3 parts?

A

pericardial sac

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13
Q

Phrenic nerves travel within which layer of pericardium?

A

fibrous

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14
Q

Which layer lines inner surface of fibrous pericardium?

A

parietal

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15
Q

What is the position of the heart in thorax?

A

slightly rotated with right chamber anteriorly oriented

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16
Q

The right atrium receives deoxy blood from what 2 structures? (circulation and heart)

A

circulation-SVC and IVC

heart-coronary sinus

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17
Q

What are the landmarks of the right atrium?

A
  • auricle
  • pectinate muscles
  • crista terminalis
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18
Q

The right ventricle recieves deoxy blood from right atrium via which valve?

A

right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve

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19
Q

What are the landmarks of the right ventricle?

A
  • trabeculae carnae
  • papillary muscles (3)
  • chordae tendinae
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20
Q

Pulmonary valve is the passageway for deoxy blood to travel from right ventricle to lungs?

A

via pulmonary trunk and arteries

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21
Q

What are key features of the pulmonary valve?

A

semilunar cusps and pulmonary sinuses

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22
Q

The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from which veins?

A

pulmonary veins (lungs)

23
Q

What are key features of the left atrium?

A
  • auricle

- smooth walls outside auricle

24
Q

The left ventricle receives oxygenated blood from left atrium via which veins?

A

pulmonary veins (lungs)

25
Q

What are key features of the left ventricle?

A
  • trabeculae carnae
  • papillary muscles (2)
  • chordae tendinae
26
Q

Which valve is a passageway for oxygenated blood to travel from left ventricle to aorta?

A

aortic valve

27
Q

What are the key features of the aortic valve?

A
  • semilunar cusps
  • aortic sinuses
  • opening for right and left coronary arteries
28
Q

Atrioventricular valves prevent backflow into (atria/ventricles) and semilunar valves prevent backflow into (atria/ventricles).

A

atrioventricular-atria

-semilunar-ventricles

29
Q

What are the two remnants of fetal circulation?

A
  • fossa ovalis- shunt between L and R atria

- ligamentum arteriosum- shunt between aorta and pulmonary arteries

30
Q

Which arteries supply muscle and conductive tissues of heart?

A

coronary arteries

31
Q

How do branches from the two main coronary arteries supply certain areas of the heart?

A

anastomose

32
Q

Right coronary artery supplies which portions of the heart?

A
  • anterior right atrium
  • lower left atrium
  • right ventricle
  • some left ventricle and septum
  • most of the conducting tissue
33
Q

What are the major branches of the right coronary artery?

A
  • sinu-atrial nodal branch
  • right marginal branch
  • posterior interventricular branch
34
Q

Left coronary artery supplies which portions of the heart?

A
  • posterior left atrium
  • left ventricle
  • some right ventricle and septum
35
Q

What are the major branches of the left coronary artery?

A
  • Anterior interventricular branch (LAD)

- circumflex branch

36
Q

In left-dominant heart, which branch arises from left coronary artery?

A

posterior interventricular branch

37
Q

What is the main venous structure in coronary vein?

A

coronary sinus

38
Q

Coronary sinus drains deoxygenated blood into which heart region?

A

-right atrium

39
Q

What are the major tributaries of the coronary sinus?

A
  • great cardiac vein
  • middle cardiac vein
  • small cardiac vein
40
Q

Autonomic division of peripheral nervous system regulates what three things?

A
  • heart rate
  • contraction force
  • cardiac output
41
Q

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers contribute to which plexus of nerves?

A

cardiac plexus

42
Q

What is the function of parasympathetic fibers from vagus nerves?

A
  • decrease heart rate
  • reduce force of contraction
  • constrict coronary arteries
43
Q

What is the function of sympathetic trunk in the cardiac plexus?

A
  • increase heart rate

- increase force of contraction

44
Q

Pain fibers follow pathway of sympathetic nerves and enter spinal cord in what region?

A

T1-T4 levels

45
Q

What are the branches of the aortic arch?

A
  • brachiocephalic artery (divides further into right subclavian and right common carotid)
  • left common carotid
  • left subclavian
46
Q

Which vascular structures pass through superior mediastinum before draining into superior vena cava

A

Left and right brachiocephalic veins

47
Q

Which vein is found in right posterior mediastinum?

A

azygous vein

48
Q

Which vein is found in left posterior mediastinum?

A

hemiazygous and accessory hemiazygous veins

49
Q

Which duct passes through posterior mediastinum?

A

thoracic duct

50
Q

What is the function of the vagus nerve?

A

parasympathetic innervation to viscera and relay info to CNS

51
Q

What is the function of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve and where is it located?

A
  • Innervates muscles of larynx and responsible for vocalization
  • located in the branch of left vagus nerve
52
Q

Where does the sympathetic trunk pass through?

A

posterior mediastinum

53
Q

Upper ganglia branches provide sympathetic innervation to which viscera?

A

thoracic viscera

54
Q

Lower ganglia send splanchnic nerves to supply which viscera?

A

abdominal and pelvic viscera

HBS (13 decks)

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