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HBS > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four main features of the anatomical position?

A
  • standing upright
  • feet flat on floor
  • arms at sides
  • palms, face, and eyes facing forward
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2
Q

What are the 3 anatomical planes of section?

A
  • Horizontal/Axial/Transverse
  • Coronal/Frontal
  • Sagittal
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3
Q

How does the transverse plane of section divide the body?

A

divides body into superior and inferior parts

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4
Q

How does the coronal plane of section divide the body?

A

anterior and posterior sections

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5
Q

How does the sagittal plane of section divide the body?

A

divides body into left and right sections

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6
Q

position descriptor: superior/inferior

A

above or below

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7
Q

position descriptor: anterior/posterior

A

in front or behind

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8
Q

position descriptor: medial/lateral

A

closer to or farther from midline

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9
Q

position descriptor: proximal/distal

A

closer to or farther from joint or point of origin

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10
Q

position descriptor: superficial/deep

A

closer to or farther from external surface

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11
Q

position descriptor: ipsilateral/contralateral

A

to the same side or opposite side

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12
Q

position descriptor: supine/prone

A

in anatomical position or flipped 180° in horizontal plane of section

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13
Q

position descriptor: rostral (cranial)/caudal

A

closer to nose/head or closer to tail

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14
Q

position descriptor: dorsal/plantar

A

top or bottom of foot (sole)

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15
Q

position descriptor: dorsal/palmar (volar)

A

back or palm of hand

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16
Q

position descriptor: thenar/hypothenar

A

closer to 1st thumb or to 5th digit

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17
Q

What are the main functions of the Integumentary System?

A
  • protection of internal structures
  • temperature regulation (homeostasis)
  • somatosensation
  • storage of water, fat, glucose, and vitamin D
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18
Q

What are the key structures of the Integumentary System?

A

skin, hair, and nails

19
Q

What are the main functions of the skeletal system?

A
  • biomechanical levers to facilitate movement
  • protection of vital organs
  • mineral storage
  • hematopoeisis
20
Q

What are the key structures of the skeletal system?

A

bones, cartilage, and joints/associated connective tissue

21
Q

What are two defining features of synovial joints?

A
  • articular cavity separates skeletal elements

- bones covered by hyaline cartilage

22
Q

What is the defining feature of solid joints?

A

skeletal components held together by connective tissue and there is no articular cavity

23
Q

What are the 3 types of fibrous joints?

A

sutures-linked by sutural ligament
gomphosis- linked by periodontal ligament
syndesmosis- linked by ligament

24
Q

What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?

A

synchondrosis- ossification centers separated by cartilage

symphysis-separate bones linked by cartilage

25
Q

What are the main functions of the muscular system?

A
  • movement and posture
  • respiration
  • cardiac function
  • visceral function
26
Q

What are the key structures of the muscular system?

A

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle

27
Q

What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?

A

circulate blood throughout the body

28
Q

What are the key structures of the cardiovascular system?

A

heart and blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries)

29
Q

What are the main functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  • circulation of interstitial fluid
  • aid in digestion
  • immune function
30
Q

What are they key structures of the Lymphatic system?

A

-lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymphatic trunks and ducts, and specialized lymphoid organs

31
Q

What are the main functions of the nervous system?

A
  • somatic-conscious sensation and motor

- visceral-monitoring and innervating viscera

32
Q

What are the key structures of the Nervous System?

A
  • Central nervous system-brain and spinal cord

- Peripheral nervous system- cranial and spinal nerves

33
Q

What are the main functions of the respiratory system?

A

provide oxygen to tissues and vocalization

34
Q

What are the key structures of the respiratory system?

A

larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and accessory muscles

35
Q

What are the main functions of the digestive system?

A
  • break down food
  • absorb nutrients
  • excrete solid waste
36
Q

What are the key structures of the digestive system?

A

GI tract and accessory organs

37
Q

What is the main function of the urinary/excretory system?

A

filter blood and excrete urine

38
Q

What are the key structures of the urinary/excretory system?

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

39
Q

What are the main functions of the female reproductive system?

A
  • oocyte production
  • hormone production
  • gestation
  • sexual function
40
Q

What are the key structures of the female reproductive system?

A

ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus and cervix, vagina, and external genitalia

41
Q

What are the main functions of the male reproductive system?

A
  • sperm production
  • hormone production
  • fertilization
  • sexual functions
42
Q

What are the key structures of the male reproductive system?

A

testes, sperm pathway structures, accessory glands, external genitalia

43
Q

What are the main functions of the endocrine system?

A
  • secrete hormones into circulatory system

- closely interrelated with other organ systems

44
Q

What are the key structures of the endocrine system?

A

hypothalamus and pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, testes/ovaries

HBS (13 decks)

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