Long Term Memory Flashcards
What are the two types of long term memory?
declarative/explicit and nondeclarative/implicit
What is procedural memory?
a type of nondeclarative memory; knowing how to do something
What part(s) of the brain are involved in procedural memory?
basal ganglia and cerebellum and amygdala
Amnesia patients lose ______ but not _______
declarative/explicit memory, but not procedural memory
Semantic memory is knowing _____, episodic memory is knowing ______, and procedural memory is knowing _______
what; when; how
What part of the brain is invovled in classical conditioning?
cerebellum and skeletal muscles
What part of the brain is involved in emotional learning?
amygdala
People with medial temporal lobe damage can learn _______, unlike people with Huntington’s disease and Parkinson’s disease and children with language delay
implicitly
What parts of the brain are invovled in declarative/explicit memory?
medial temporal lobe, middle diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus), and neocortex
What parts of the brain are involved in the implicit/nondeclarative memory
neocortex, amygdala, striatum, cerebellum
What is priming?
a type of implicit memory; seeing one stimulus spurs you to see or think of another stimulus. For ex: you see the color “Yellow” and think of “Banana”.
What is double dissociation?
a difference in abilities due to a certain area of the brain and/or body being damaged (e.g., someone who can write well but cannot draw well and vice versa)
What area is important for consolidating declarative memories?
Hippocampus and medial temporal lobe
When a man’s hippocampi, amygdalas, and ventromedial temporal lobe were removed, what resulted?
an intact IQ, an inability to create new memories (a.k.a. no semantic and episodic memory formation), brief retention of memory; no recollection of memories from 10 years ago; can repeat 7 digits
When the mammilary bodies, mamillothalamic tract, and dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus are damaged, what results?
ability to repeat digits and retain old memories, but cannot learn new information (i.e., semantic and episodic memories cannot be formed)
What happens when the (L) fronto-parietal area and (R) parietal - occipital area are damaged?
there are no personal memories; no new personal memories can be formed (episode memory formation is lost); current and past memories can be recalled
What are the four time-based divisions of explicit memory?
encoding, consolidation, storage, and retrieval
Which part of the brain is responsible for consolidation of explicit memory?
hippocampus and medial temporal lobe
Which part of the brain is responsible for storage of explicit memory?
neocortex
What is retrograde amnesia?
You cannot recall past declarative/explicit memories
What is anterograde amnesia?
You cannot store new declarative/explicit memories.
What memory would be impaired in a person with occipital damage?
Perceptual priming
What memory would be intact in a person with occipital damage?
conceptual priming
What memory would be impaired in a person with damage to the temporal and parietal lobes?
conceptual priming
What memory would be intact in a person with damage to the temporal and parietal lobes?
perceptual priming
Where in the brain do real memories show up?
hippocampus and primary visual areas
What parts of the brain are active in fake memories?
inferior parietal cortex and medial superior prefrontal cortex
What parts of the brain are involved in the flow of information from encoding to consolidation?
association cortex – > perirhinal cortex and parahippocampal cortex – > entorhinal and hipoocampal cortex
What part of the brain is responsible for encoding?
association cortex
What parts of the brain are damaged in amnesia
Hippocampus, limbic system, and thalamus
What parts of the brain are responsible for nonassociative learning (e.g., habituation and sensitization)?
reflex pathways
What parts of the brain are involved in perceptual priming?
perceptual and association neocortex
What parts of the brain are responsible for explicit memories?
Hippocampus, medial temporal lobe, and neocortex
