Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SLP 511 Neural Processes of Communication > Lecture 9 - language comprehension > Flashcards

Lecture 9 - language comprehension Flashcards

1
Q

What is a lemma?

A

the semantics, grammatical class, # of syllables, gender, and nuances of a word; it does not include phonology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a lexeme?

A

basic lexical unit of language; the phonology, grammatical class, # of syllables, gender, and nuances of a word

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the sequence for the brain parts that are involved in repeating a word according to the Wernicke-Geschwind model?

A

auditory cortex –> Wernicke’s area –> arcuate fasciculus —> Broca’s area –> Motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the sequence of brain parts that are involved in saying a written word according to the Wernicke-Geschweld model?

A

auditory cortex and primary visual cortex (via angular gyrus) —-> Wernicke’s Area –> Broca’s area —> Motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Damage to the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus leads to ___

A

visual hallucinations; visual agnosia; pure alexia; prosopagnosia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Damage to the inferior longitudinal fasciculus leads to ____

A

issues with semantics and visual processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Damage to the uncinate fasciculus leads to ____

A

late myelination; limbic system issues; psychiatric disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In the dual route model of language, the dorsal route is responsible for

A

phonological processing and motor control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In the dual route model of language, the ventral route is responsible for _____.

A

semantics and language comprehension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which route in the dual route model of language is left hemisphere dominant?

A

dorsal route

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which route in the dual route model of language is bilateral?

A

ventral route

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What parts of the left hemisphere are important for comprehension?

A

posterior, ventral, and temporal lobe parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What parts of the left hemisphere are important for production?

A

anterior, dorsal, and motor portions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the right hemisphere dominant for?

A

visual-spatial skills; pragmatics; attention; semantics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the left hemisphere dominant for?

A

phonology, morphology, and syntax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 3 models of word recognition?

A

motor theory, cohort model, and TRACE model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which of the 3 models of word recognition is mainly bottom up?

A

motor theory and Cohort model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which of the 3 models of word recognition is mainly top down

A

TRACE model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which of the 3 models of word recognition are a combination of top-down and bottom-up?

A

TRACE model and Cohort model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The lexeme carries _____, which the lemma does not carry.

A

phonology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

According to the model of the phonological input lexicon, humans order words by these two properties

A

neighborhood density and phonotactic probability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is neighborhood density?

A

a way humans order words; it is the number of ways one can change a word just by changing one of its phonemes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The greater the neighborhood density, the ________

A

harder to find a word

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The smaller the neighborhood density, the ____-

A

easier it is to find a word

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are problems with the Wernicke-Lichtheim-Geschwind model?

A

It does not account for the right hemisphere; it does not show that interaction between different parts of the brain is bidirectional; it does not show other tracts that connect the temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes.

26
Q

What are content words?

A

nouns, verbs, and adjectives

27
Q

What are little or function words?

A

adjectives, adverbs, and prepositions

28
Q

What part of the brain converts sounds to phonemes?

A

superior temporal gyrus

29
Q

The dorsal route consists of the ____

A

arcuate fasciculus/superior longitudinal fasciculus

30
Q

The ventral route consists of the _____

A

inferior frontal occipital fasciculus and intratemporal networks

31
Q

The _____ assigns meaning to words and lexical access

A

middle temporal gyrus

32
Q

What is the motor theory?

A

one theory of spoken word recognition in which individuals look at the movement of the speaker’s articulators to recognize words; it is a top down process.

33
Q

What is the cohort model?

A

another theory of spoken word recognition in which humans recognize phonemes one at a time and narrow down the possible word candidates by looking into smaller cohorts or groups. It is both top down and bottom up, but mainly bottom up. Thus, the longer a word is, the longer it may take to identify it.

34
Q

A botton up approach focuses on ____

A

features then phonemes, and then words

35
Q

A top down approach focuses on _____

A

words then phonemes and then features

36
Q

The lemma contains informatino about ____ and _____

A

semantics and syntax

37
Q

What is lexicalization?

A

the production of a word by turning thoughts into sounds

38
Q

What is the TRACE model?

A

a theory of spoken word recognition in which humans process sounds at three levels: features, phonemes, and words. These levels are all connected to each other and operate in both directions. Words are recognized based on the number of nodes created during the connection between the three levels. It is both top down and bottom up.

39
Q

In lexicalization, the ____ comes before the ______

A

lemma; lexeme

40
Q

To comprehend language, we rely on ____ first followed by ____

A

semantics; syntax

41
Q

What is parsing?

A

determining the word order of a sentence in order to comprehend it.

42
Q

What model of syntactic language comprehension focuses only on syntax and is bottom-up?

A

Garden-Path model

43
Q

Which models of syntactic language comprehension focus on syntax and semantics and thus are both botton-up and top-down approaches?

A

constraint-based model and unrestrained race model

44
Q

In the Garden Path model, these two principles apply:

A

Minimal attachment (1st strategy) and late closure

45
Q

What is minimal attachment?

A

the 1st strategy used in the Garden path model to comprehend language; humans prefer the simplest structure to comprehend the meaning of a sentence

46
Q

What is late closure?

A

the 2nd strategy used in the Garden Path model to comprehend language; words are attached to the end of a phrase/structure rather than the beginning

47
Q

Which syntactic comprehension model includes the idea of verb bias?

A

Constraint-based model

48
Q

What is the constraint-based model?

A

model humans use to copmrehend language; humans parse words and use all sources of information (e.g., world knowledge, grammatical knowledge, and semantics), to constrain meaning

49
Q

What is verb bias?

A

An idea that states if the verb in the sentence needs a direct object or not and if it is does, then is the direct object plausible?

50
Q

Whas is the unrestrained race model?

A

a model humans use to comprehend language; the first choice for language comprehension is analyzed using all sources of information and a new choice is made if the first choice is implausible

51
Q

Where in the brain is semantics located?

A

Sylvian Parietal Temporal lobe of Wernicke’s area

52
Q

What is the sequence of language comprehension?

A

phonemes –> word recognition —> semantics —> repeat words —- > syntax

53
Q

Evidence from ERP (Evoked response potentials) indicate that a large N400 indicates a

A

mismatch between the meaning of the word and its context

54
Q

There are ____ dorsal streams in each hemisphere.

A

2

55
Q

How many ventral streams are there and where is it located?

A

1; in the left hemisphere

56
Q

What is typicality?

A

words that are commonly used, such as Dolch sight words

57
Q

What is complexity?

A

words that are not commonly used; such as Tier 3 vocabulary words

58
Q

Humans organize their lexicon how?

A

the frequency of the words occuring

59
Q

What are two ways that humans organize lexicon

A

neighborhood density and phonotactic probability

60
Q

In production, does lemma or lexeme come first?

A

lemma

61
Q

In comprehension, does lemma or lexeme come first?

A

lexeme

SLP 511 Neural Processes of Communication (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions