Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SLP 511 Neural Processes of Communication > Lecture 7 - vision > Flashcards

Lecture 7 - vision Flashcards

1
Q

What are the steps on the visual pathway that axons travel on?

A

retinofugal –> optic nerve —> optic chiasm (Crossover occurs) –> to lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus — > geniculocalcarine (thalamus to the occipital lobe) — > post-calcarine —- > parietal/, frontal, or temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What problem can result from a lesion to the optic nerve?

A

monocular loss (loss of vision in one eye)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Damage to what area of the brain causes prosopagnosia?

A

bilateral damage to the inferior region to the calcarine sulcus at the occipital-temporal junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What Brodmann area is the primary visual cortex?

A

Brodmann area 17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The ventral pathway, which extends from the occipital lobe into the inferior temporal lobe, is responsible for ______

A

processing shape, color, and size; it assigns meaning to objects; it is the “what” pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The dorsal pathway, which extends from the occipital lobe, is responsible for _____

A

determining where things are in your environment and detecting and processing motion. It also uses visual input to direct action. It is the “where” pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The anterior parts of the eye are ______

A

pupli, iris, lens, and cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Light waves enter the eye through the ______.

A

pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Light waves are refracted or bended by the _____ of the eye

A

lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why does the lens refract light that enters through the pupil?

A

it refracts it onto the center of the retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The posterior or back side of the eye is the ____

A

retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The retina has these type of cells:

A

photoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

______ are responsible for detecting shape, size, and brightness.

A

Rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

______ are responsible for detecting color and fine details.

A

Cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which photoreceptor is not found by the fovea but distributed throughout the retina?

A

rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which photoreceptor is found in the fovea?

A

cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What side is the nasal retinal field in the left eye?

A

the right side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What side is the nasal retinal field in the right eye?

A

the left side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What side is the temporal retinal field in the left eye?

A

the left side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What side is the temporal retinal field in the right eye?

A

the right side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The left visual field will hit which side of the retina?

A

the right side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The right visual field will hit which side of the retina?

A

the left side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the starting point of the visual pathway?

A

optic nerves from the retina extending into the optic chiasm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Most of the optic nerves in the optic tract extend to the ______ and synapse onto ______

A

lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalalmus; thalamic neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What areas of the brain do the optic tract synapse onto?

A

Thalamic neurons of the lateral geniculate nucleus; midbrain; hypothalamus; superior colliculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is a hemianopsia?

A

loss of half of a visual field in either the right or left eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is a quadranopsia?

A

loss of a quarter of a visual field in either the right or left eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What does homonymous mean?

A

when the same visual field is affect in the left and right eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does heteronymous mean?

A

When opposite visual fields are affected in the left and right eye;

30
Q

Damage to the center of the optic chiasm result in _____

A

bitemporal or heteronymous hemianopsia

31
Q

What happens as a result of a bilateral /heteronymous hemianopsia?

A

the left visual field of the left eye is gone and the right visual field of the right eye is gone.

32
Q

Damage to the left side of the optic chiasm results in ______

A

loss of the nasal visual field in the left eye or an ipsilateral left side hemianopsia

33
Q

Damage to the right side of the optic chiasm results in ______

A

loss of the nasal visual in the right eye or ipsilateral right side hemianopsia

34
Q

Damage to the optic tract results in _____

A

contralateral homonymous hemianopsia

35
Q

What happens when there’s damage to the right optic tract?

A

the left eye will lose its temporal visual field and the right eye will lose its nasal visual field. This is called left homonymous hemianopsia

36
Q

What happens when there’s damage to the left optic tract?

A

the right eye will lose its temporal visual field.

37
Q

Damage to the optic radiations will result in _______

A

contralateral homonymous quandrantanopsia

38
Q

Unilateral damage to the occipital lobe results in ______

A

contralateral homonymous hemianopsia with central sparing

39
Q

Damage to the ventral pathway a.k.a. “where is it?” system results in ______

A

agnosia

40
Q

What is associative agnosia?

A

inability to recognize an item despite seeing it

41
Q

What is agnosia?

A

deficit of recognition

42
Q

What is prosopagnosia?

A

difficulty recognizing faces

43
Q

What are the similarities between the visual system and auditory system?

A

Colliculi and thalamus are involved in each; both are sensory systems; cross over occurs in each system; starting points of both of their pathway is at a sensory organ (i.e., cochlea for the auditory pathway and retina for the visual pathway); both have primary and association areas

44
Q

What are the differences between the visual system and auditory system?

A

Superior colliculi and lateral geniculate nucleus are involved in the visual system; inferior colliculi and medial geniculate nucles are involved in the auditory system; two auditory fields are represented in each hemisphere, whereas only one visual field is represented in each hemisphere; cochlea processes frequency and intensity (i.e tonotopy), whereas retina processes colors, shapes, sizes, and movement (i.e. retinotopy)

45
Q

What is Baum’s loop?

A

the dorsal bundle or top part of the optic radiations or geniculocalcarine tract) that carries information about the lower visual field; it travels from the LGN to the primary visual cortex.

46
Q

What is Meyer’s loop?

A

fibers (i.e., the ventral bundle of the optic radiations (i.e, geniculocalcarine tract)) that carry information from the upper visual field; it travels from the lateral ventricle to the primary visual cortex

47
Q

For the optic radiations, ______ , or the top, carries lower VF information, allowing us to see items on the bottom.

A

dorsal

48
Q

For the optic radiations, _____ or the back, carries upper VF information, allows us to see items on the top.

A

ventral

49
Q

A lesion at the optic chiasm results in a _____ problem

A

heteronymous

50
Q

A lesion at the optic nerve results in ______

A

monocular loss

51
Q

A lesion at the optic tract results in a _____ problem.

A

homonymous

52
Q

What causes a homonymous superior quadrantanopsia?

A

Damage to the optic radiation inferiorly in the temporal lobe a.k.a the temporal Meyer’s loops or the inferior portion of the occipital visual cortex below the calcarine fissue.

53
Q

What part of the visual pathway is damaged when a person has a superior quadrantanopsia?

A

Meyer’s Loop (ventral stream)

54
Q

What part of the visual pathway is damaged when a person has an inferior quandrantanopsia?

A

Baum’s loop (dorsal stream)

55
Q

In the geniculocalcarine tract, the ______ sends visual information to the ______

A

thalamus; occipital lobe

56
Q

In the retinofugal pathway, light is sent to the ____ when then sends that information to _____ then _____ and then to _____

A

retina, optic nerve, chiasm, thalamus

57
Q

What is the geniculocalcarine tract also known as?

A

optic radiations

58
Q

The ventral stream is associated with _______

A

Brodmann area 20 and the primary visual cortex (V1) to the inferior temporal lobe.

59
Q

V3 in vision is the _____

A

visual association area

60
Q

V4 in vision is the area associated with _____

A

color

61
Q

V5 in vision is the area associated with _____

A

movement

62
Q

What are the two pathways for optic radiations?

A

Baum’s loop and Meyer’s loop

63
Q

What are the steps of the geniculocalcarine pathway?

A

optic tract —- > lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus — > through optic radiations via 2 pathways —> to calcarine fissure (a.k.a V1 or primary visual cortex or Brodman area 17)

64
Q

What is the function of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus?

A

sends visual information from both eyes to the occipital lobe via optic radiations

65
Q

What happens when there is bilateral damage to the posterior occipital lobe (a.k.a BA 17)?

A

cortical blindness; someone can sense light but cannot process visual information

66
Q

A person who is not able to recognize line drawings, recognizes objects, draws from memory, and cannot copy has issues with ____

A

Ventral stream or the what is it system

67
Q

Damage to what area of the brain causes apperceptive agnosia?

A

the ventral pathway or what is it system?

68
Q

What is apperceptive agnosia?

A

trouble perceiving an item so they cannot recognize it; thus a person cannot copy shapes and line drawings, cannot read letters, and objects appear blurry

69
Q

What is associative agnosia?

A

You can recognize objects, but cannot identify them; e.g., you can draw a picture but cannot identify what the picture is

70
Q

Damage to what part of the brain causes associative agnosia?

A

inferior occipitotemporal lobe or farther down the ventral stream or the anterior temporal lobe; semantic memory is damaged

71
Q

The dorsal stream carries information about the ______

A

Lower part of the visual field

72
Q

The ventral stream carries information about the ______

A

Top parts of the visual field

SLP 511 Neural Processes of Communication (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions