Gross Anatomy and Orientation Flashcards
What is a neuron?
One of 2 types of nervous system cells that send information via signals to different parts of the brain, spinal cord, and rest of the body.
What is localization?
the concept that certain functions, such as vision, smell, and taste, are performed in local or particular areas of the brain
What is lateralization?
the concept that certain functions are performed by areas in either the right or left hemisphere of the brain ; the hemispheres communicate with each other through connections.
What is neuroplasticity?
The concept that the brain is able to change previously formed connections and structures and previously performed functions, as a result of learning, experience, and/or injury.
What are some of the parts of the brain that Dr. I focuses on?
telencenphalon, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem
What is the telencephalon consist of?
cerebrum and basal ganglia
What are the functions of the cerebrum?
movement, taste, sensation, smell, vision, executive function, thought, attention, memory, speech, and hearing
What is the primary function of the basal ganglia?
movement
What is the diencephalon consist of?
thalamus and hypothalamus
What is the main function of the thalamus?
sensory and motor relay station
What is the main function of the hypothalamus?
appetites and arousal
What does the cerebellum do?
balance, posture, and coordination
What does the brainstem do?
respiration and arousal
What are the parts of the brainstem?
midbrain, pons, and medulla
What is equipotentiality and who created this idea?
The idea that the brain can perform a certain function, even if that region in it is damaged; Karl Lashley discovered that idea.
Who claimed that the left hemisphere was language dominant?
Marc Dax
Who is Marc Dax and what did he claim?
French neurologist who claimed that language is dominant in the left hemisphere
What are Brodmann areas 22 and 42?
Wernicke’s area; area in the temporal lobe responsible for language comprehension
What is Brodmann area 41?
Heschl gyrus or fusiform gyrus, responsible for visual processing, particularly for faces; primary auditory cortex
What is Brodmann areas 44 and 45?
Broca’s area; responsible for speech and language production; aka seat of articulated language
What is Brodmann area 39?
angular gyrus; works with the supramarginal gyrus to integrate signals from the temporal lobe and visual signals from the occipital lobe to help in visual language, especially for reading and writing;
What is Brodman area 40?
supramarginal gyrus; found in the temporal lobe, works with the angular gyrus in combining signals from the language areas of temporal lobe and visual signals from the occipital lobe to help in visual language, especially reading and writing.
What is Brodman’s area 17, 18, and 19
occipital lobe
What is Brodman’s area 17?
primary visual area
What is Brodman’s areas 18 and 19?
secondary association areas
What is Brodman’s area 4?
Primary motor cortex or pre-central gyrus
What is Brodman’s area 3,1, and 2?
primary somatosensory cortex or post-central gyrus
What is Brodman area 8?
Frontal eyefields or presupplementary motor area; controls visual attention and eye movement
What is Brodman area 6?
Pre-motor cortex; responsible for planning movement
What is Brodman area 20?
Inferior temporal lobe; responsible for viewing objects, faces, and scenes.
What are Brodman areas 9 and 10?
Pre-frontal cortex
What are Brodmann areas 39 and 40?
inferior parietal lobules
What is Brodmann Area 22?
superior temporal gyrus; could also be considered Wernicke’s area
