Long term effects of exercise Flashcards
What are the Long Term Effects on Musculoskeletal System?
- Muscle hypertrophy
- Body shape changes
- Increase bone density
- Stronger ligaments and tendons
What is muscle hypertrophy?
Regular Exercise (especially Resistance Training) will make your muscles thicker and your muscle girth larger. The thickening of the muscle is called hypertrophy.
What is meant by the body shape changing?
Exercise burns calories so a high amount of exercise accompanied by a good diet mean that a person’s body shape will change as body fat will be reduced.
What is meant by an increase in bone density?
The denser your bones are the stronger you are. This occurs because exercise puts stress or forces through the bones which in turn makes them stronger. The stronger your bones the less likely breaks and fractures are to occur during performance.
What is meant by stronger ligaments and tendons?
Having stronger ligaments and tendons means you’re less likely to injure yourself.
What are the long term affects on the cardio-respiratory system?
- Cardiac hypertrophy
- Low blood pressure
- Lower resting heart rate (Bradycardia)
- Larger lung capacity
- Capillary increase in muscles
What is cardiac hypertrophy?
Increase in the size of the heart. The cardiac muscle in a trained athlete is larger and stronger. Each beat forces out a larger amount of blood than a normal heart.
What is meant by lower blood pressure?
When you exercise regularly, your veins and arteries get bigger and as a result their muscle walls become more elastic - so your blood pressure falls.
What is meant by lower resting heart rate (Bradycardia)?
Decreased resting heart rate (bradycardia) The increased size of the heart means it takes less beats in a minute to supply the body with enough oxygen at rest.
What is meant by a larger lung capacity?
Your diaphragm and intercostal muscles get stronger meaning your chest cavity gets larger. Along with this the amount of alveoli in your lungs also increases. Both of these combined mean your lung capacity increases.
What is meant by a capillary increase in muscles?
Due to this the blood supply to the muscles resulting in them receiving more oxygen.
What are the Long Term Effects on Components of Fitness?
Improvements in muscular strength, endurance, speed and cardiovascular endurance all take months to develop.
