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Year 2 GI (JK) > Liver structure and function > Flashcards

Liver structure and function Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the liver anatomically?

A

upper right quadrant of abdomen underneath the diaphragm

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2
Q

What are the 2 major and 2 minor lobes of the liver?

A

right and left

caudal and quadrate

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3
Q

What is the porta?

A

The entry and exit point for all blood vessels, ducts, lymphatics and nerves to the liver

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4
Q

Where is the porta and what is its structure?

A

branched connective tissue capsule and the septa offer support

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5
Q

Explain the coming together of the hepatic duct to enter the sphincter of oddi

A

Connects with the cystic duct from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct which connects with the pancreatic duct to enter into the sphincter of oddi in the duodenum

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6
Q

What is the falciform ligament and where is it?

A

separates the left and right lobe

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7
Q

What does the coronary ligament attach the liver to?

A

The diaphragm

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8
Q

What area of the liver is NOT covered in peritoneum?

A

bare area as the coronary ligament passes over it

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9
Q

Where is the lesser omentum situated?

A

Between the liver and the stomach

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10
Q

What 3 things make up the portal triad?

A

hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery and hepatic duct

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11
Q

Is the liver in pentagonal, hexagonal or decagonal lobules?

A

hexagonal

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12
Q

How does the central vein drain into the IVC?

A

via the hepatic vein

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13
Q

What are the hepatic cords made from?

A

Hepatocytes

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14
Q

What are located between hepatocytes?

A

bile canaliculi

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15
Q

What are hepatic sinusoids?

A

Spaces between hepatic cords - blood channels

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16
Q

Is the blood from the alimentary canal oxygen rich/poor and nutrient rich/blood?

A

oxygen poor

nutrient rich

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17
Q

Where does hepatic portal vein blood and hepatic artery blood mix?

A

hepatic sinusoids

18
Q

Where does blood in the hepatic sinusoids drain?

A

central vein, hepatic veins, IVC

19
Q

What are hepatocytes responsible for?

A

bile synthesis
nutrient storage and interconversion
detoxification

20
Q

Where does bile made in the hepatocytes drain to?

A

canaliculi and to hepatic duct

21
Q

What is the main function of the liver?

A

production and secretion of bile

22
Q

What is bile made up from?

A

bile acids, lecithin, cholesterol (synthesised in liver and solubilise fat)
toxic metals, bile pigment, bicarbonate

23
Q

What is the one constituent of bile made from duct cells and not hepatocytes?

A

bicarbonate

24
Q

What are bile pigments from?

A

breakdown products of haemoglobin from old/damaged RBC - extracted as blood passes through sinusoids

25
Q

What extracts bilirubin from the blood?

A

hepatocytes

26
Q

What colour does bilirubin make bile?

A

yellow

27
Q

How does bilirubin effect faeces and urine?

A

colon bacterial enzymes modify it to brown

reabsorbed and excreted in urine

28
Q

What are bile acids made from?

A

cholesterol in the liver

29
Q

What does bile acids combine with and why?

A

glycine/taurine - amino acid

to increase water solubility

30
Q

How are bile salts recycled?

A

via the enterohepatic circulation

31
Q

Explain the movement of bile not into the gallbladder from the liver and back again

A

to the bile duct, duodenum, ileum, absorbed into hepatic portal vein and into liver

32
Q

Where anatomically is the gallbladder?

A

inferior surface of the liver and it is a sac

33
Q

What does the mucosa have to help with expansion in the gallbladder?

A

rugae

34
Q

How does the gallbladder join to the common bile duct?

A

cystic duct

35
Q

What does the sphincter of Oddi control?

A

bile and pancreatic juice entry to duodenum

36
Q

What does the gallbladder do to bile?

A

concentrate it

absorb sodium and water

37
Q

What does fat in the duodenum lead to the release of?

A

CCK

38
Q

What does CCK do to the sphincter of oddi and secretions?

A

relaxes and gallbladder contracts

pancreatic enzyme and bile secretion

39
Q

What does bile into the duodenum do to fat?

A

solubilise it

40
Q

Generally what does secretin do and what does CCK do?

A

neutralisation

digestion

41
Q

What do CCK and secretin do to gastric emptying?

A

decrease it

Year 2 GI (JK) (39 decks)

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