Anorectal disorders Flashcards
What nerves supply the anus and rectum?
parasympathetic - S2-4 pelvic splanchnic
sympathetic = T4-L2
What is the volume capacity of the rectum?
200-400ml
What age is motor control of the anal sphincter learned?
2
How do anorectal abnormalities usually present?
pain, haemorrhage and dysfunction
What are the 4 classifications of anorectal disorders?
inflammation, trauma, malignancy, infection
Name 3 congenital anorectal disorders
imperforate anus
uro-genital fistula
hirschprungs myenteric plexus deficiency
List some acquired anorectal disorders
haemorrhoids, cancer, ulcers, fissure, abscess, fistula in ano and control of continence
Explain a stapled anopexy
used for prolapse or haemorrhoids to take out the mucosa surrounding the haemorrhoids and return the haemorrhoidal tissue to the normal position
What is an anal fissure due to and how can it be treated?
straining
vasodilator or internal lateral sphincterotomy
What do you have to be careful of when draining an anal abscess?
avoid complications of loss of control
What is a fistula in ano and how is it fixed?
anus to vagina/bladder/skin - after childbirth
fistula plug or fistulotomy
What type of colonoscopy is used for anorectal cancer?
MRI guided
Treatment for anal squamous carcinoma?
radiotherapy, surgery
Treatment for rectal adenocarcinoma?
neoadjuvant chemorad and laparascopic resection
What conditions can cause anal ulceration?
crohn’s, malignancy, syphilis and drugs
