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Year 2 GI (JK) > Anatomy overview of Alimentary system 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy overview of Alimentary system 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 9 areas of the abdomen

A

Right and left hypochondrium
Left and right iliac fossa
Left and right lumbar
epigastrium, periumbilical and hypogastrium

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2
Q

List some of the clinical diagnoses if there is pain in the foregut

A

Peptic ulcer/gastric disease
biliary/pancreatic disease
Hepatic disease

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3
Q

List some of the clinical diagnoses if there is pain in the midgut

A

Appendicitis
Small bowel obstruction
Proximal colon cancer

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4
Q

List some of the clinical diagnoses if there is pain in the hindgut

A

Large bowel obstruction
colon carcinoma
Diverticular disease

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5
Q

Is pain from the visceral or parietal peritoneum able to be referred elsewhere?

A

Visceral

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6
Q

Briefly describe the oesophagus

A

25cm long muscular tube with 3 constrictions

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7
Q

Why are the oesophageal constrictions important? (especially to surgeons)

A

When passing instruments from oesophagus to stomach

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8
Q

Name the 3 oesophageal constrictions

A

cervical, thoracic and diaphragmatic

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9
Q

Name the 4 parts of the stomach

A

Cardia, fundus, body and pyloric part

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10
Q

What is the fundus usually filled with?

A

Gas

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11
Q

What is the pyloric part of he stomach?

A

The opening from the stomach to the duodenum

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12
Q

What are the 2 curvatures of the stomach?

A

Greater and lesser

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13
Q

What does the pyloric sphincter control?

A

Discharge from the stomach to the duodenum of the stomach contents

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14
Q

List a few structures the stomach bed is anterior to

A

Pancreas, left kidney, spleen, diaphragm, transverse mesocolon and colon

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15
Q

What are the folds inside the stomach called?

A

Gastric rugae

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16
Q

How do you tell the cardiac end and pyloric end apart in the stomach?

A

The pyloric end has a sphincter (thick muscular)

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17
Q

What is congenital pyloric stenosis?

A

Thickening of the pylorus smooth muscle

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18
Q

What is the falciform ligament a remnant of?

A

Ventral mesogastrium

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19
Q

What does the falciform ligament do?

A

Attach the liver to the ventral wall

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20
Q

What is the round ligament of the liver a remnant of?

A

Left umbilical vein

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21
Q

What does the round ligament of the liver do?

A

split the left lobe of the liver into 2

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22
Q

What does the plane separating the liver into left and right lobe pass through?

A

IVC (which does NOT pass through the liver - makes a groove only)

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23
Q

What are the 3 parts of the portal traid?

A

hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein and bile duct

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24
Q

Where is the caudate lobe found?

A

Postero-superior surface on right lobe of liver

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25
Q

What ribs does the liver lie deep to?

A

7-11 on the right

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26
Q

What do biliary ducts do?

A

Carry bile made in the liver to the gallbladder

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27
Q

What 2 things does the gallbladder do bile?

A

store and concentrate it

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28
Q

What volume of bile can the gallbladder store?

A

50ml

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29
Q

What does the cystic artery lie in? what is this?

A

triangle of calot

cystic duct, common hepatic duct, visceral surface of the liver

30
Q

What is biliary colic?

A

Pain due to gallstone obstructing bile duct

31
Q

What are the 4 F’s of biliary colic?

A

fatty, fertile, female, forty

32
Q

What is the pancreas responsible for in relation to the digestive system? What are the “2 types” of the pancreas?

A

Accessory digestive gland

Exocrine and endocrine

33
Q

Explain what the exocrine and endocrine pancreas does

A

Exocrine secretes pancreatic juice

Endocrine secretes glucagon and insulin

34
Q

Where is the pancreas found?

A 
Retroperitoneal
Posterior abdominal wall
Transpyloric plane (L1/2)
35
Q

What are the 4 parts of the pancreas?

A

Head, neck, body, tail

36
Q

What vein is found behind the neck of the pancreas?

A

Portal vein

37
Q

What is the spleen and where is found?

A

Mobile haemolymphoid organ

left hypochondrium

38
Q

What part of the spleen IS NOT covered in peritoneum?

A

hilum

39
Q

What ribs is the spleen related to?

A

9-11

40
Q

What is spenomegaly and give a few examples of what can cause it

A

Enlargement of the spleen

anaemia, typhoid fever etc

41
Q

What are the 3 arteries off the celiac trunk?

A

Splenic hepatic artery

Left gastric artery

42
Q

What is the origin of the celiac trunk?

A

T12

43
Q

What does the 2nd part of the duodenum receive?

A

Bile and pancreatic duct

44
Q

What part of the duodenum is most likely to get ulcers?

A

1st part

45
Q

Briefly describe the duodenum in comparison to the rest of the small intestine

A

shortest, widest and most fixed part of the small intestine

46
Q

Briefly describe the jejunum in comparison to the ileum

A

Darker red, thicker with more vasculation and few large loops. Also less fatty.

47
Q

What is the origin of the superior mesenteric artery?

A

L1

48
Q

What is the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

L3

49
Q

What is the terminal branch of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

Superior rectal artery

50
Q

Name 3 ways in which the large intestine is different to the small intestine

A

Omental fatty appendices
Sacculation
Teniae coli (3) - thickened smooth muscle

51
Q

What is the appendix?

A

Blind intestinal diverticulum with masses of lymphatic tissue

52
Q

What is the position of the appendix?

A

Retrocecal

53
Q

What is the macburneys point and where is it?

A

Site of maximum tenderness in acute appendicitis

Between anterior superior iliac spine and umbilicus

54
Q

Where is the rectosigmoid junction?

A

Anterior to S3 vertebrate

55
Q

Are there internal, external or both sphincters in the rectum?

A

both

56
Q

Where is a common site for cancer in the anal canal?

A

columns of morgagni

57
Q

List some things you can feel in a rectal examination

A

prostate and seminal glands
cervix
Sacrum
Iliac lymph nodes

58
Q

Is the innervation of the gut somatic or autonomic?

A

Autonomic

59
Q

What parasympathetic nerves innervate the gut?

A

Vagus and pelvic splanchnic

60
Q

What sympathetic nerves innervate the gut?

A 
Abdominopelvic nerves (greater, lesser and least)
Prevertabral sympathetic ganglia and abdominal aortic plexus
61
Q

What does the portal vein carry?

A

poorly oxygenated blood from abdominal GI tract to the liver (including spleen, pancreas and gallbladder)

62
Q

What is the portal vein made by?

A

Junction of splenic and superior mesenteric vein

63
Q

What are portocaval shunts?

A

Venous enlargements during portal obstruction

64
Q

Name the 3 sites of port-systemic anastamoses

A

Anorectal, gastroesophageal junction and around umbilicus

65
Q

How do port-systemic anastamoses present at the 3 sites

A

haemorrhoids/piles, esophageal varices and caput medusae

66
Q

What duct does the abdomen drain into?

A

Thoracic duct

67
Q

What do the lymphatic vessels run alongside?

A

Corresponding arteries

68
Q

Where do the lymphatic nodules form groups?

A

around major arteries and abdominal aorta

69
Q

What are the 3 groups of lumbar nodes?

A

Preaortic, lateral aortic and retroaortic

70
Q

What are the 3 subgroups of the preaortic lumbar nodes?

A

celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric

71
Q

What is the link between the 3 lumbar nodes and the organs they drain

A

Drain the organs supplied by the corresponding aortic branch location

72
Q

What can spread via the lymphatics?

A

Cancer

Year 2 GI (JK) (39 decks)

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