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RUSVM Clinical Pathology 2016 > Liver Disease > Flashcards

Liver Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of enzymes are used to detect hepatocellular damage?

A 
Leakage Enzymes: 
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 
Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) 
Glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH)
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2
Q

What kind of enzymes are used to detect Cholestasis?

A

Induced enzymes

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3
Q

What two enzymes are liver specific for large animals?

A

SDH

GLDH

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4
Q

What two enzymes are markers of cholestasis?

A

ALP

GGT

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5
Q

What are the isoenzymes of Alkaline Phosphatase?

A

Bone origin
Liver origin
Corticosteroid induced

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6
Q

Is ALP induced by steroids in cats?

A

NO

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7
Q

If ALP increased without hyperbilirubinemia suspect….

A

steroid or anticonvulsant medication induction

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8
Q

What induces GGT?

A

Cholestasis

Steroids

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9
Q

Cholestasis

A

Mildly increased leakage enzymes
Markedly increased induced enzymes
moderately/markedly increased serum bilirubin
moderately/markedly increased in bile acids

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10
Q

What are the substances removed by the liver?

A 
Bilirubin 
Bile Acids
Cholesterol 
Ammonia
Exogenous substances
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11
Q

What are the substances synthesized by the liver?

A

Albumin
Urea
Cholesterol
Coagulation factors

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12
Q

What causes an increase in Bile Acids?

A

Deviation of Portal Circulation
Decreased Hepatocyte uptake
Decreased bile excretion with subsequent regurgitation into blood

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13
Q

When do you see hypoalbuminemia?

A

when 60-80% function is lost

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14
Q

When do you see hyperglobulinemia?

A

with chronic liver disease

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15
Q

What happens to glucose concentrations with liver failure?

A

Normal to decreased

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16
Q

What happens to Urea with liver failure?

A

Increased Ammonia

Decreased BUN

17
Q

What happens to cholesterol with Cholestasis?

A

Increased serum cholesterol

18
Q

What happens to cholesterol with liver failure?

A

decreased serum cholesterol

19
Q

When do you see prolonged clotting factors, aPTT and PT?

A

when less than 30% normal

20
Q

What do you see with early portosystemic shunt?

A

Increased Bile Acids

Microcytic anemia

21
Q

What do you see with late portosystemic shunt?

A

Liver Failure –> decreased albumin, BUN, glucose, cholesterol and coag factors
Increased Bile Acids
Cholestasis
Microcytic anemia

22
Q

What breeds of dogs are known for Copper causing Chronic Hepatitis?

A 
Bedlington terriers
West Highland White Terriers
Skye terriers
Doberman 
Dalmations
Labs
23
Q

What causes Chronic Hepatitis?

A

Infectious
Drugs
Genetic
Idiopathic

24
Q

What breeds of dogs are known for Chronic Hepatitis?

A 
Doberman 
Bedlington terrier
WHWT
Cocker
Standard Poodle
Labrador
Dalmation

RUSVM Clinical Pathology 2016 (22 decks)

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