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RUSVM Clinical Pathology 2016 > Calcium and Phosphorus > Flashcards

Calcium and Phosphorus Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of calcium?

A

Bone Mineralization
Ion transport across cells
Cell contractility and secretion

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2
Q

What regulates calcium?

A

PTH
Calcitonin
activated vitamin D (calcitriol)

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3
Q

How does Parathyroid hormone work?

A

increased serum Ca by increasing renal tubular re-absorption
Increasing re-absorption of bone
promoting activation of Vitamin D

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4
Q

What produces Calcitonin?

A

C cell of the thyroid gland

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5
Q

What decreased serum calcium concentrations by inhibiting PTH?

A

Calcitonin

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6
Q

Vitamin D

A

when activated it increases Ca concentration by increasing absorption of Ca from the intestine and by enhancing PTH action on bone and kidney

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7
Q

Acidosis

A

Increases ionized calcium

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8
Q

Alkalosis

A

decreases ionized calcium

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9
Q

What are common causes of hypocalcemia?

A 
Renal disease
Ethylene glycol toxicosis
Pancreatitis
Eclampsia
Sepsis
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10
Q

What are some uncommon causes of Hypocalcemia?

A 
Hypoparathyroidism 
Inadequate calcium intake
inadequate vitamin D intake 
excess phosphorus
intestinal malabsorption 
phosphate containing enemas
citrate toxicity 
hypomagnesemia
Massive tissue degeneration 
Hypercalcitonism
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11
Q

Clinical signs of hypocalcemia?

A 
Nervousness 
anorexia 
stilted gait 
Hyperventilation 
numbness
generalized tetany 
seizures
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12
Q

Causes of Hypercalcemia?

A 
Hypercalcemia of malignancy
Granulomatous inflammatory disease
Renal disease
Idiopathic hypercalcemia of cats
Vitamin D toxicosis 
Grape and Raisin toxicosis 
Hypoadrenocorticism 
Primary hyperparathyroidism
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13
Q

Clinical signs of Hypercalcemia?

A 
PU/PD
Lethargy
Weakness
constipation 
mineralization of soft tissue
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14
Q

How do you treat hypercalcemia?

A 
Treat the underlying problem 
Fluids 
diuretics
calcitonin 
glucocorticoids
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15
Q

What are the functions of phosphorus?

A

Mineralization of bone
Critical for high energy phosphoryl units of metabolic intermediates
structural phosphoproteins and phospholipids
Inorganic phosphate anions play a role in acid base metabolism

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16
Q

How is Phosphorus regulated?

A

PTH
Calcitonin
Vitamin D levels

17
Q

Hypophosphatemia

A

seen in patients with metabolic acidosis due to increased urinary loss
patients with diabetic ketoacidosis have hypophosphatemia due to increased urinary loss and osmotic diuresis

18
Q

Causes of Hypophosphatemia

A 
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia of malignancy 
Vitamin D deficiency 
Respiratory alkalosis 
decreased intestinal absorption of Phosphorus
Renal tubular defects 
chronic renal failure in horses
19
Q

Causes of Hyperphosphatemia?

A 
Decreased GFR
Renal Disease
Ruptured bladder or ureter or urethral obstruction 
Vitamin D Intoxication 
acute acidosis
Excessive Phosphorus intake 
Primary hypoparathyroidism

RUSVM Clinical Pathology 2016 (22 decks)

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