Liquides biologiques (Biochimie) Flashcards
The functions of the CSF include all of the following except:
- removing metabolic wastes
- producing an ultrafiltrate of plasma
- supplying nutrients to the CNS
- protecting the brain and spinal cord
2 - producing an ultrafiltrate of plasma
The CSF flows through the:
- choroid plexus
- pia mater
- arachnoid space
- dura mater
3 - arachnoid space
Substances present in the CSF are controlled by the:
- arachnoid granulations
- blood-brain barrier
- presence of one-way valves
- blood-CSF barrier
2 - blood-brain barrier
What department is the CSF tube labeled 3 routinely sent to:
- hematology
- chemistry
- microbiology
- serology
1 - hematology
The CSF tube that should be kept at room temperature is:
- tube 1
- tube 2
- tube 3
- tube 4
2 - tube 2
Even distribution of blood in all tubes is an indicator of a traumatic tap or of an intracranial hemorrhage.
Intracranial hemorrhage
Xantochromic supernatant is an indicator of a traumatic tap or of an intracranial hemorrhage.
Intracranial hemorrhage
Concentration of blood in tube 1 is greater than in tube 3 is an indicator of a traumatic tap or of an intracranial hemorrhage.
Traumatic tap
Specimen contains clots is an indicator of a traumatic tap or of an intracranial hemorrhage.
Traumatic tap
The presence of xantochromia can be caused by all the following except:
- immature liver function
- RBC degredation
- a recent hemorrhage
- elevated CSF protein
3 - a recent hemorrhage
A web-like pellicle in a refrigerated CSF specimen indicates:
- tubercular meningitis
- multiple sclerosis
- primary CNS malignancy
- viral meningitis
1 - tubercular meningitis
CSF can be differentiated from serum by the presence of:
- albumin
- globulin
- prealbumin
- tau transferrin
4 - tau transferrin
In serum, the second most prevalent protein is IgG; in CSF, the second most prevalent protein is:
- transferrin
- prealbumin
- IgA
- ceruloplasmin
2 - prealbumin
Elevated CSF protein values can be caused by all of the following except:
- meningitis
- multiple sclerosis
- fluid leakage
- CNS malignancy
3 - fluid leakage
The integrity of the blood-brain barrier is measured using the:
- CSF/serum albumin index
- CSF/serum globulin ratio
- CSF albumin index
- CSF IgG index
1 - CSF/serum albumin index
The finding of oligoclonal bands in the CSF and not in the serum is seen with:
- multiple myeloma
- CNS malignancy
- multiple sclerosis
- viral infections
3 - multiple sclerosis
CSF lactate will be more consistently decreased in:
- bacterial meningitis
- viral meningitis
- fungal mengitis
- tubercular meningitis
1 - bacterial meningitis
Measurement of which of the following can be replaced by CSF glutamine analysis in children with Reye syndrome:
- ammonia
- lactate
- glucose
- alpha-ketoglutarate
1 - ammonia
The functions of synovial fluid include all of the following except:
- lubrication for the joints
- removal of cartilage debris
- cushioning joints during jogging
- providing mutrients for cartilage
2 - removal of cartilage debris
The primary function of synoviocytes is to:
- provide nutrients for the joints
- secrete hyaluronic acid
- regulate glucose filtration
- prevent crystal formation
1 - provide nutrients for the joints
The procedure for collecting synovial fluid is called:
- synovialcentesis
- arthrocentesis
- joint puncture
- arteriocentesis
2 - arthrocentesis
Is gout noninflammatory, inflammatory, septic or hemorrhagic:
Inflammatory
Is Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection noninflammatory, inflammatory, septic or hemorrhagic:
Septic
Is systemic lupus erythematosus noninflammatory, inflammatory, septic or hemorrhagic:
Inflammatory
Is Osteoarthritis noninflammatory, inflammatory, septic or hemorrhagic:
Non inflamatory
Is hemophilia noninflammatory, inflammatory, septic or hemorrhagic:
Hemorrhagic
Is rheumatoid arthritis noninflammatory, inflammatory, septic or hemorrhagic:
Inflammatory
Is heparin overdose noninflammatory, inflammatory, septic or hemorrhagic:
Hemorrhagic
Normal synovial fluid ressembles:
- egg white
- normal serum
- dilute urine
- lipemic serum
1 - egg white
Before testing, very viscous synovial fluid should be treated with:
- normal saline
- hyaluronidase
- distilled water
- hypotonic saline
2 - hyaluronidase
Addition of a cloudy, yellow synovial fluid to acetic acid produces a:
- yellow-white precipitate
- easily dispersed clot
- solid clot
- opalescent appearance
2 - easily dispersed clot
Which of the following could be the most significantly affected if a synovial fluid is refrigerated before testing:
- glucose
- crystal examination
- mucin clot test
- differential
2 - crystal examination
The highest WBC count can be expected to be seen with:
- non inflammatory arthritis
- inflammatory arthritis
- septic arthirtis
- hemorragic arthritis
3 - septic arthritis
The lowest percentage of neutrophils would be seen in:
- noninflammatory arthirtis
- inflammatory arthirtis
- septic arthirtis
- hemorrhagic arthirtis
1 - noninflammatory arthritis
Synovial fluid crystals that occur as a result of purine metabolism of chemotherapy for leukemia are:
- monosodium urate
- cholesterol
- calcium pyrophosphate
- apatite
1 - monosodium urate
Synovial fluid crystals associated with inflammation in dialysis patients are:
- calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
- calcium oxalate
- corticosteroid
- monosodium urate
2 - calcium oxalate
Crystals associated with pseudogout are:
- monosodium urate
- calcium pyrophsophate dihydrate
- apatite
- corticosteroid
2 - calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
Synovial fluid for crystal examination should be examined as a:
- wet preparation
- wright`s stain
- gram stain
- acid-fast stain
1 - wet preparation
Crystals that have the ability to polarize light are:
- corticosteroid
- monosodium urate
- calcium oxalate
- all of the above
4 - all of the above
In an examination of synovial fluid under compensated polarized light, rhomboid-shaped crystals are observed. What color would these crystals be when aligned parallel to the slow vibration:
- white
- yellow
- blue
- red
2 - yellow
Negative birefringence occurs under red-compensated polarized light when:
- slow light is impeded more than fast light
- slow light is less impeded than fast light
- fast light runs against the molecular grain of the cyrstal
- both b and c
3 - fast light runs agains the molecular grain of the crystal
The most frequently performed chemical test on synovial fluid is:
- total protein
- uric acid
- calcium
- glucose
4 - glucose
The primary purpose of serous fluid is to:
- remove waste products
- lower capillary pressure
- lubricate serous membranes
- nourish serous membranes
3 - lubricate serous membranes
The membrane that lines the wall of a cavity is the:
- visceral
- peritoneal
- pleural
- parietal
4 - parietal
During normal production of serous fluid, the slight excess of fluid is:
- absorbed by the lymphatic system
- absorbed through the visceral capillaries
- stored in the mesothelial cells
- metabolized by the mesothelial cells
1 - absorbed by the lymphatic system
Production of serous fluid is controlled by:
- capillary oncotic pressure
- capillary hydrostatic pressure
- capillary permeability
- all of the above
4 - all of the above
An increase in the amount of serous fluid is called a:
- exudate
- transudate
- effusion
- malignancy
3 - effusion
Pleural fluid is collected by:
- pleurocentesis
- paracentesis
- pericentesis
- thoracentesis
4 - thoracentesis
Fluid:serum protein and lactic dehydrogenase ratios are performed on serous fluids:
- when malignancy is suspected
- to classify transudates and exudates
- to determine the type of serous fluid
- when a traumatic tap has occured
2 - to classify transudates and exudates
Which of the following requires the most additional testing:
- transudate
- exudate
2 - exudate
An additional test performed on pleural fluid to classify the fluid as a transudate or exudate is the:
- WBC count
- RBC count
- fluid:cholesterol ratio
- fluid-to-serum protein gradient
3 - fluid: cholesterol ratio
A milky-appearing pleural fluid indicates:
- thoracic duct leakage
- chronic inflammation
- microbial infection
- both A and B
4 - both A and B
A pleural fluid pH of 6.0 indicates:
- esophageal rupture
- mesothelioma
- malignancy
- rheumatoid effusion
1 - esophageal rupture
Plasma cells seen in pleural fluid indicate:
- bacterial endocarditis
- primary malignancy
- metastatic lung malignancy
- tuberculosis infection
4 - tuberculosis infection
Another name for a peritoneal effusion is:
- peritonitis
- lavage
- ascites
- cirrhosis
3 - ascites
A test performed primarily on peritoneal lavage fluid is a:
- WBC count
- RBC count
- absolute neutrophil count
- amylase
2 - RBC count
The recommended test for determining whether peritoneal fluid is a transudate or an exudate is the:
- fluid: serum albumin ratio
- serum ascites albumin gradient
- fluid: serum lactic dehydrogenase ratio
- absolute neutrophil count
2 - serum ascites albumin gradient
Differentiation between bacterial peritonitis and cirrhosis is done by performing a:
- WBC count
- differential
- absolute neutrophil count
- absolute lymphocyte count
3 - absolute neutrophil count
Detection of the CA 125 tumor marker in peritoneal fluid indicates:
- colon cancer
- ovarian cancer
- gastric malignancy
- prostate cancer
2 - ovarian cancer
Chemical tests primarily performed on peritoneal fluid include all of the following except:
- lactose dehydrogenase
- glucose
- alkaline phsophatase
- amylase
4 - amylase
Which of the following is not a function of amniotic fluid:
- allows movement of the fetus
- allows carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange
- protects fetus from extreme temperature changes
- acts as a protective cushion for the fetus
2 - allows carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange
What is the primary cause of the normal increase in amniotic fluid as a pregnancy progresses:
- fetal cell metabolism
- fetal swallowing
- fetal urine
- transfer of water across the placenta
3 - fetal urine
Which of the following is not a reason for decreased amounts of amniotic fluid:
- fetal failure to begin swallowing
- increased fetal swallowing
- membrane leakage
- urinary tract defects
1 - fetal failure to begin swallowing
Why might a creatinine level be requested on an amniotic fluid:
- detect oligohydramnios
- detect polyhydramnios
- differentiate amniotic fluid from maternal urine
- evaluate lung maturity
3 - differentiate amniotic fluid from maternal urine