Lipids Patho

Question 1

What are the desired outcomes of lipid lowering medications? (3)

Answer 1

Lower serum levels of cholesterol
Lower serum levels of lipoproteins (LDL)
Prevention of CAD

Question 2

How do lipid lowering meds prevent CAD? (3)

Answer 2

Protects endothelial tissue
Prevents plaque from rupturing
Slow down the progression of atherosclerosis

Question 3

What play a major role in atherosclerosis development? (3)

Answer 3

Lipid Levels
Cholesterol
Hyperlipidemia

Question 4

What the triglyceride lipid made from?

Answer 4

fatty acids & glycerol

Question 5

What is insoluble in blood?

Answer 5

Cholesterol

Question 6

what is the PRIMARY transport molecule for cholesterol?

Answer 6

Low-Density-Lipoprotein (LDL)

Question 7

________ are acquired through diet

Answer 7

triglycerides

Question 8

Cholesterol is a precursor of what?

Answer 8

the steroid hormone

Question 9

Where are triglycerides stored?

Answer 9

adipose tissue

Question 10

What is the cholesterol lipid an essential part of?

Answer 10

bile acid & cell membrane stability

Question 11

how do triglyceride levels relate to LDL and HDL levels ?

Answer 11

they correlate with LDL and are inverse to HDL

Question 12

what primarily regulates fat metabolism?

Answer 12

the liver

Question 13

What are lipoproteins?

Answer 13

carrier proteins that aid in the transportation of
cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood

Question 14

what produces lipoproteins?

Answer 14

the liver

Question 15

what is the “bad” lipoprotein that contributes to atherosclerosis?

what is the “good” lipoprotein that is protective against atherosclerosis?

Answer 15

LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein): “Bad”

HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein): “Good”

Question 16

how do LDLs enter circulation?

Answer 16

Enter circulation as tightly packed cholesterol,
triglycerides, and lipids from the liver to the peripheral tissue

Question 17

LDLs are carried by _____

then what?

Answer 17

proteins

then broken down for energy OR stored for future use as energy

Question 18

how do HDLs enter circulation?

Answer 18

as loosely packed lipids

Question 19

what is the function of HDLs?

Answer 19

Used for energy; picks up remnants of fat and
cholesterol from the peripheral tissues back to the liver where it is excreted in the bile

Question 20

What is the desired level for total cholesterol?

Answer 20

less than 200

Question 21

What is the desired level for LDL?

Answer 21

less than 130

Question 22

What is the desired level for HDL?

Answer 22

50 or higher

Question 23

What is the desired level for triglycerides?

Answer 23

less than 200

Question 24

what total cholesterol level is borderline high?

Answer 24

200-239

Question 25

what LDL level is borderline high?

Answer 25

130-159

Question 26

what HDL level is borderline high?

Answer 26

40-49

Question 27

what triglyceride level is borderline high?

Answer 27

200-399

Question 28

what total cholesterol level is high?

Answer 28

240 and higher

Question 29

what LDL level is high?

Answer 29

160 and higher

Question 30

what HDL level is high?

Answer 30

less than 40

Question 31

what triglyceride level is high?

Answer 31

400 and higher

Question 32

What LDL level do we want to see in diabetes pts and those at increased risk?

Answer 32

<70

Question 33

List non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (3)

Answer 33

Genetic predisposition Age Gender

Question 34

what is true about gender and CVD risk?

Answer 34

Males risk is greater than females, but it becomes equal after menopause

Question 35

List modifiable risk factors for CVD (8)

Answer 35

Metabolic Syndrome Cigarette Smoking Sedentary Lifestyle High-Stress Levels Hypertension Obesity Diabetes Untreated Bacterial Infections

Question 36

all modifiable CVD risk factors are related to what?

Answer 36

inflammation