Diabetes Key Concepts Flashcards
What is glycolysis?
The step by step process of breaking down of glucose into pyruvic acid, NADH, and ATP (energy).
What is glycogen?
When your body does not immediately need glucose from the food you eat for energy, it stores glucose primarily in muscle and the liver as glycogen for later use.
What is glycogenesis?
process of glycogen formation from glucose.
What is glycogenolysis?
The breakdown of stored glycogen to glucose.
What is gluconeogenesis?
The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. The opposite process of glycolysis.
What is glucagon?
Is a hormone produced by alpha cells in the pancreas. It is released in response to a drop in blood sugar, prolonged fasting, exercise and protein-rich meals.
What is ketosis?
A metabolic state where the body uses free fatty acids for energy instead of glucose
What is polydipsia?
excessive thirst
What is polyuria?
frequent urination
What is polyphagia?
increased hunger
normal glucose level?
70-100 mg/dL
pre-diabetic glucose levels?
101-125 mg/dL
diabetic glucose levels?
> 126 mg/dL
normal A1c value?
< 5.7%
normal fasting plasma glucose level?
</ 99 mg/dL
normal oral glucose tolerance test glucose level?
</ 139 mg/dL
prediabetes A1c value?
5.7% to 6.4%
diabetes A1c value?
> / 6.5%
prediabetes oral glucose tolerance test glucose level?
140-199 mg/dL
diabetes oral glucose tolerance test glucose level?
> / 200 mg/dL
what is post-prandial glucose?
Is a glucose level 2 hours after eating
what is insulin sensitivity?
how well your cells respond to insulin
what is insulin resistance?
when cells become less responsive to insulin, potentially leading to high blood sugar and related health issues
