Thyroid Patho

Question 1

what 3 hormones does the thyroid gland produce?

Answer 1

Thyroxine (T4) (converts to T3)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin

Question 2

what are needed for metabolism?

Answer 2

T4 and T3

Question 3

What are the physical characteristics of the thyroid gland? (4)

Answer 3

• largest endocrine gland in the body
• about 2 inches in size
• shaped like a butterfly
• surrounds trachea

Question 4

What does euthyroid mean?

Answer 4

normal thyroid gland function

Question 5

what does goiter mean?

Answer 5

visible enlargement of the thyroid gland

Question 6

What is graves disease?

Answer 6

antibody mediated autoimmune disease resulting in hyperthyroidism

Question 7

what is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

Answer 7

Autoimmune disease often resulting in hypothyroidism

Question 8

what does the thyroid hormone stimulate? (3)

Answer 8

• stimulates metabolic activity
• stimulates oxygen consumption of cells
• stimulates carb, fat, and protein metabolism

Question 9

what does the thyroid hormone produce? (2)

Answer 9

heat and thermogenesis

Question 10

what does the thyroid hormone increase? (2)

Answer 10

• rate of glucose absorption
• erythropoiesis

Question 11

what does the thyroid hormone work with? (3) why?

Answer 11

works with the growth hormone, insulin, and sex steroids to promote growth

Question 12

what is the thyroid hormone required for? (2)

Answer 12

normal respiratory response to hypoxia and hypercapnia respiratory drive

Question 13

what is the thyroid hormone critical for? (2)

Answer 13

fetal neural and skeletal development

Question 14

what does the thyroid hormone regulate? (2)

Answer 14

mood and hormones

Question 15

Secretion of T3 and T4 is controlled by?

Answer 15

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary

Question 16

TSH controls rate of thyroid hormone release
via what?

Answer 16

a negative feedback mechanism

Question 17

what determines the release of TSH?

Answer 17

level of thyroid hormone in the blood

Question 18

Excess thyroid hormones in the blood leads to?

Answer 18

inhibition of TSH

Question 19

Low thyroid hormones in the blood leads to?

Answer 19

increased production of TSH

Question 20

What is the hypothalamus’ role regarding the release of TSH?

Answer 20

Hypothalamus releases thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) which stimulates the pituitary to release TSH

Question 21

what is normal TSH level?

Answer 21

0.4 to 4.5

Question 22

what TSH levels indicate hypothyroidism?

Answer 22

above 4.5

Question 23

what TSH levels indicate hyperthyroidism?

Answer 23

less than 0.4

Question 24

normal T4 levels?

Answer 24

4-11

Question 25

normal T3 levels?

Answer 25

80-180