Thyroid Patho Flashcards
what 3 hormones does the thyroid gland produce?
Thyroxine (T4) (converts to T3)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin
what are needed for metabolism?
T4 and T3
What are the physical characteristics of the thyroid gland? (4)
- largest endocrine gland in the body
- about 2 inches in size
- shaped like a butterfly
- surrounds trachea
What does euthyroid mean?
normal thyroid gland function
what does goiter mean?
visible enlargement of the thyroid gland
What is graves disease?
antibody mediated autoimmune disease resulting in hyperthyroidism
what is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?
Autoimmune disease often resulting in hypothyroidism
what does the thyroid hormone stimulate? (3)
- stimulates metabolic activity
- stimulates oxygen consumption of cells
- stimulates carb, fat, and protein metabolism
what does the thyroid hormone produce? (2)
heat and thermogenesis
what does the thyroid hormone increase? (2)
- rate of glucose absorption
- erythropoiesis
what does the thyroid hormone work with? (3) why?
works with the growth hormone, insulin, and sex steroids to promote growth
what is the thyroid hormone required for? (2)
normal respiratory response to hypoxia and hypercapnia respiratory drive
what is the thyroid hormone critical for? (2)
fetal neural and skeletal development
what does the thyroid hormone regulate? (2)
mood and hormones
Secretion of T3 and T4 is controlled by?
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary
TSH controls rate of thyroid hormone release
via what?
a negative feedback mechanism
what determines the release of TSH?
level of thyroid hormone in the blood
Excess thyroid hormones in the blood leads to?
inhibition of TSH
Low thyroid hormones in the blood leads to?
increased production of TSH
What is the hypothalamus’ role regarding the release of TSH?
Hypothalamus releases thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) which stimulates the pituitary to release TSH
what is normal TSH level?
0.4 to 4.5
what TSH levels indicate hypothyroidism?
above 4.5
what TSH levels indicate hyperthyroidism?
less than 0.4
normal T4 levels?
4-11
normal T3 levels?
80-180
